Cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease

Introduction

“…Dermal manifestations of hyperthyroidism include erythema, palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, acropathy, and infiltrative dermopathy. Moreover, Graves’ disease also may be associated with generalized itching, chronic urticaria, presence of alopecia areata and vitiligo (Doshi et al, 2008, Ingordo et al, 2011, Kasumagic-Halilovic et al, 2011). Skin manifestations of thyroid disorders are in part correlated with elevated serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) antibodies (Cianfarani et al, 2010, Slominski and Wortsman, 2000).…”

Melasma and Hypothyroidism: Conflicting Coexistence?

“…Furthermore, as depicted in Table 3, a considerable higher value can be noted with melasma in comparison to studies conducted in the general population [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Cutaneous Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: A Case of Thyroid-Induced Myxedema

“…Hypothyroidism is generally associated with thick, dry skin, livedo reticularis of the extremities and thinning of dry, brittle hair with extent of disease dictating severity of manifestations [1]. These effects are due to a decreased metabolic rate which causes peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased sebaceous gland secretion [2]. Hyperthyroidism is associated with thin, soft hair with possible progression to alopecia, onychodystrophy, and hyperpigmentation of the hands, feet, and mouth [2].…”

“…These effects are due to a decreased metabolic rate which causes peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased sebaceous gland secretion [2]. Hyperthyroidism is associated with thin, soft hair with possible progression to alopecia, onychodystrophy, and hyperpigmentation of the hands, feet, and mouth [2]. Hashimoto's thyroiditis usually has clinical manifestations similar to hypothyroidism, but it has an autoimmune etiology similar to Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism.…”

“…Pretibial myxedema can occur in other distributions such as arms, shoulders, neck, and upper back [2]. Other manifestations include hyperpigmentation, yellowing, and possibly disfiguration of the nails [2]. …”