Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Tomar, Suyash Singh; Hajare, Sumit A; Singh, Rajesh

doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_78_19

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Conclusive evidence from observational studies has indicated that the acquisition of dermatophyte infectious elements by the stratum corneum of the host is not synonymous with the occurrence of symptoms of infection [ 10 , 39 , 40 ]. Furthermore, the population of vulnerable hosts is very large and, despite the pathogenic nature of the dermatophytes themselves, the prevalence of cutaneous fungal infections is not as high as might be expected [ 1 , 2 , 23 , 41 , 42 ]. Secondly, the relatively high prevalence of dermatophytoses in some populations or families may be an important factor proving genetic susceptibility to these fungal infections.…”

Section: Genetic Predisposition Among Determinants Of Dermatophytosis Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the same genetic dermatophyte strain may exhibit different infection patterns [ 26 , 29 , 35 , 46 , 58 ]. Additionally, in many cases, different clinical pictures of dermatophytosis have been found in cognate humans living or working together [ 41 , 59 , 60 ]. The host seems to influence the character and extent of the relationship established with dermatophytes upon exposure.…”

Section: Host’s Genetic Predisposition or Pathogen Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar prevalence of dermatophytoses is observed in humans who are not familially related but have a common working environment or life activities, e.g., in the army, school, hospital, etc. [ 41 , 42 , 64 – 70 ].

Fig.…”

Section: Host’s Genetic Predisposition or Pathogen Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it has been acknowledged that the health condition of the host influences the nature and extent of the relationship established with dermatophytes, and the same genetic dermatophyte strain can induce different infection patterns in humans sharing the same environment [ 2 , 41 , 58 ]. In addition, some accompanying health conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, ichthyosis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis may influence the susceptibility to dermatophytes [ 58 , 71 – 76 ].…”

Section: Host’s Genetic Predisposition or Pathogen Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Predisposition and its Heredity in the Context of Increased Prevalence of Dermatophytoses

2021

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Dermatophytosis is a widespread disease with high prevalence and a substantial economic burden associated with costs of treatment. The pattern of this infectious disease covers a wide spectrum from exposed individuals without symptoms to those with acutely inflammatory or non-inflammatory, chronic to invasive, and life-threatening symptoms. Moreover, the prevalence of cutaneous fungal infections is not as high as might be expected. This curious disparity in the dermatophyte infection patterns may suggest that there are individual factors that predispose to infection, with genetics as an increasingly well-known determinant. In this review, we describe recent findings about the genetic predisposition to dermatophyte infections, with focus on inheritance in families with a high frequency of dermatophyte infections and specific host–pathogen interactions. The results of studies indicating a hereditary predisposition to dermatophytoses have been challenged by many skeptics suggesting that the varied degree of pathogenicity and the ecological diversity of this group of fungi are more important in increasing sensitivity. Nonetheless, a retrospective analysis of the hereditary propensity to dermatophytoses revealed at least several proven genetic relationships such as races, CARD9 deficiency, HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR8 type and responsible genes encoding interleukin-22, β-defensin 2 and 4 as well as genetic defects in dectin-1, which increased the prevalence of the disease in families and were involved in the inheritance of the proneness in their members. In future, the Human Genome Diversity Project can contribute to elucidation of the genetic predisposition to dermatophytoses and provide more information.

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