Cutaneous Ureterostomy in the Sheep

Brook, A. H.; Waites, G. M. H.; Stacy, B. D.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1964.sp001734

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Urine excretion can be observed through an exteriorised ureter 58 . Consumption of lucerne hay by sheep caused the almost complete cessation of urine formation and the conservation of Na in the kidney 59 .…”

Section: Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These calculations are consistent with the report of Scott 56 that ECF and plasma volume can decrease by 10 -20 % during a meal, a sufficient reduction to induce thirst 36 . Urine excretion can be observed through an exteriorised ureter 58 . Consumption of lucerne hay by sheep caused the almost complete cessation of urine formation and the conservation of Na in the kidney 59 .…”

Section: Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

Hogan

Petherick²,

Phillips

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Sheep and cattle are frequently subjected to feed and water deprivation (FWD) for about 12 h before, and then during, transport to reduce digesta load in the gastrointestinal tract. This FWD is marked by weight loss as urine and faeces mainly in the first 24 h but continuing at a reduced rate subsequently. The weight of rumen contents falls although water loss is to some extent masked by saliva inflow. FWD is associated with some stress, particularly when transportation is added. This is indicated by increased levels of plasma cortisol that may be partly responsible for an observed increase in the output of water and N in urine and faeces. Loss of body water induces dehydration that may induce feelings of thirst by effects on the hypothalamus structures through the reninangiotensin -aldosterone system. There are suggestions that elevated cortisol levels depress angiotensin activity and prevent sensations of thirst in dehydrated animals, but further research in this area is needed. Dehydration coupled with the discharge of Na in urine challenges the maintenance of homeostasis. In FWD, Na excretion in urine is reduced and, with the reduction in digesta load, Na is gradually returned from the digestive tract to the extracellular fluid space. Control of enteropathogenic bacteria by normal rumen microbes is weakened by FWD and resulting infections may threaten animal health and meat safety. Recovery time is required after transport to restore full feed intake and to ensure that adequate glycogen is present in muscle pre-slaughter to maintain meat quality.

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Section: Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

Hogan

Petherick²,

Phillips

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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show abstract

“…Brook et al (1964) have suggested that catheterization of the bladder increases protein excretion in the form of mucus secreted from goblet cells along the urethra; therefore the values for total N excretion may be artificially high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intraruminal sodium chloride infusion on rumen and renal nitrogen and electrolyte dynamics in sheep

Godwin

Williams

1986

Br J Nutr

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1. Sheep were given 800 g low-protein roughage/d at 2 h intervals and infused intraruminally with 0,500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 or 2000 mmol sodium chloride/d in 436 ml water. The digestibility of various food fractions and rumen ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and liquid turnover rate were measured, along with renal haemodynamics and the renal excretory patterns of nitrogen and electrolytes. Ad lib. food intake was determined during the infusion of 0 and 2000 mmol NaCl/d.2. Infusion of NaCl up to 750 mmol/d had virtually no effect on the indices measured, except water intake and water excretion. Infusion of greater amounts caused a step-wise decrease in the digestibility of organic matter (OM) and N. Rumen liquid turnover rate was increased substantially and rumen NH, and VFA concentrations were decreased. Ad lib. food intake was not different when either 0 or 2000 mmol NaCl/d were infused into the rumen.3. The glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were substantially increased after the infusion of 1250 mmol or more NaCl/d. Extracellular fluid volume was also increased. The renal excretion of urea and uric acid +allantoin (URAL) were decreased at the higher infusion rates but the fractional excretions of both these substances were enhanced. The excretion of sodium, chloride, calcium and magnesium were markedly increased with increasing salt infusion.4. The results suggest that high NaCl inputs into the rumen increase the rumen turnover rate, which in turn decreases the digestibility of OM, particularly N. This causes lower rumen NH, and VFA concentrations. Plasma urea and URAL concentrations are also decreased and this causes lower renal excretion of these substances despite a much higher fractional excretion resulting from the greatly enhanced urine flow rate. 5. When roughages low in N are given, NaCl intake should be kept below 20 mmol/kg body-weight per d to prevent a decline in the digestibility of the food and any consequent reduction in protein available to the sheep.In many areas of the world sheep consume plants or drinking water which have a high sodium chloride content. For example, Wilson (1966a) found that sheep grazing Atriplex spp. as a major food constituent had salt intakes as high as 4217 mmol/d. Some effects of high NaCl intakes on food utilization have been determined. Croom et al. (1982) noted that the addition of 50 g NaCl/kg to high-grain diets increased the efficiency of organic matter (OM) utilization in steers. Hemsley et al. (1975) added 1366 mmol NaCl/d to a linseed-meal diet and 171 mmol/l to the drinking water of sheep and showed that this treatment reduced rumen OM digestion by 24% and rumen protein digestion by 10%. Further, Hemsley (1975) found that similar treatment produced a substantial increase in wool growth.The recycling of plasma urea to the rumen has been extensively studied. It returns to the rumen directly across the rumen epithelium (Houpt & Houpt, 1968) and also via saliva (Somers, 1961). In animals given low-protein or high-energy ...

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“…Il doit répondre à deux critères: a) localisation aisément accessible chirurgicalement, b) site adéquat pour un appareillage commode et efficace. 1 Autre terminologie synonyme -transuretero -ureterostomie -ureterostomie cutanée avec anastomose urctero-ureterale 2 A ne pas confondre avec J ohn Simon [19] qui, en 1852 fit la première dérivation uretero-colique chez un enfant atteint d'extrophie vésicale. Chez l'enfant normalement constitué, l'endroit théorique se situe sur la ligne joignant le nombril à l'épine iliaque antérieure et supérieure, un peu plus près du nombril que de l'épine.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

L’urétéro-urétérostomie cutanée

Backer¹

1968

Urol Int

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Cutaneous Ureterostomy in the Sheep

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

Effects of intraruminal sodium chloride infusion on rumen and renal nitrogen and electrolyte dynamics in sheep

L’urétéro-urétérostomie cutanée

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