CVD and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Nowadays, it is known that oxidative stress plays at least two roles within the cell, the generation of cellular damage and the involvement in several signaling pathways in its balanced normal state. So far, a substantial amount of time and effort has been expended in the search for a clear link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the effects of oxidative stress. Here, we present an overview of the different sources and types of reactive oxygen species in CVD, highlight the relationship between CVD and oxidative stress and discuss the most prominent molecules that play an important role in CVD pathophysiology. Details are given regarding common pharmacological treatments used for cardiovascular distress and how some of them are acting upon ROS-related pathways and molecules. Novel therapies, recently proposed ROS biomarkers, as well as future challenges in the field are addressed. It is apparent that the search for a better understanding of how ROS are contributing to the pathophysiology of CVD is far from over, and new approaches and more suitable biomarkers are needed for the latter to be accomplished.

Oxidase Enzyme Activities and Their Correlations with Antioxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Bangladesh

“…Accordingly, the present study found a significant positive correlation between serum XO and NOX activities in ACS patients. This observation suggested that both XO and NOX activities increased in patients synergistically for the establishment of oxidative stress, as reported earlier [37]. A similar conclu-sion can be drawn from the positive correlations between MPO and RBC lysate XO in both ACS patients and control subjects, since MPO is also an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the formation of ROS.…”

“…It has been found that the main sources of CVD-ROS are NOX and XO [37]. In oxidative stress, they are the ones producing excessive superoxide in ACS patients.…”

Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on thioredoxin‐interacting protein and asymmetric dimethylarginine as biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disorders in gamma‐irradiated rats

“…Moreover, Cardiomyocytes membranes are rich in phospholipids that are especially susceptible to OS, which leads to an elevation in the level of lipid peroxidation production, resulting in structural changes and dysfunctional in the cardiac muscle. Previous authors reported that exposure to free radicals induced heart injury, energy production failure, an elevation in the resting tension and promoted levels of lipid peroxidation . This is in parallel with our experimental result that evidenced by an augment in the level of MDA as a potent marker of lipid peroxidation, associated with the deregulation of thioredoxin antioxidant system, reduction of GSH content, as well as a decline in the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx.…”

Effects of paraoxonase 1 on the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of periodontal ligament cells

“…Oxidative stress occurs as a result of redox imbalances when the production of destructive free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, surpasses the antioxidant defenses . Oxidative stress is implicated in the expression of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cellular events, leading to various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and periodontitis . One of the functions of PON1 is the reduction of oxidative stress, which strengthens our hypothesis that PON1 affects the homeostasis of PDL tissue.…”