Cyanobacteria Application Ameliorates Floral Traits and Outcrossing Rate in Diverse Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines

Abstract

In rice, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) represents an irreplaceable strategy for producing high-yielding hybrid rice based on the commercial exploitation of heterosis. Thereupon, enhancing floral traits and outcrossing rates in CMS lines increase hybrid seed production and ensure global food security. The exogenous application of cyanobacteria could enhance outcrossing rates in CMS lines and, accordingly, hybrid rice seed production. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the impact of cyanobacteria implementation such as Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc muscorum, and their mixture to promote the floral traits, outcrossing rates, and seed production in hybrid rice. The impact of cyanobacteria (Anabaena Oryza (T2), Nostoc muscorum (T3), and their combination (T4) versus the untreated control (T1) was investigated for two years on the growth, floral, and yield traits of five diverse CMS lines, namely IR69625A (L1), IR58025A (L2), IR70368A (L3), G46A (L4), and K17A(L5). The evaluated CMS lines exhibited significant differences in all measured floral traits (days to heading (DTH), total stigma length (TSL), stigma width (SW), duration of spikelet opening (DSO), spikelet opening angle (SOA)). Additionally, L4 displayed the uppermost total stigma length and stigma width, whereas L1 and L5 recorded the best duration of spikelet opening and spikelet opening angle. Notably, these mentioned CMS lines exhibited the highest plant growth and yield traits, particularly under T4 treatment. Strong positive relationships were distinguished between the duration of the spikelet opening, panicle exertion, panicle weight, seed set, grain yield, total stigma length, spikelet opening angle, stigma width, and number of fertile panicles per hill. Cyanobacteria is a potential promising tool to increase floral traits and seed production in hybrid rice.

Performance of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from Sandy Soil on Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Furthermore, the PCA-biplot and cluster-heatmap analyses indicated that some of the tomato accessions were salt-tolerant (i.e., Subarctic, Raad-Red, Naqeeb, Pakit, Tommy-Toe, and BL-1076) [49]. The combination of cyanobacteria with the promising cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines is considered a useful tool for enhancing the outcrossing rates and improving the seed production of hybrid rice [51].…”

Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China

“…This method simplifies and enhances the breeding process [ 72 ]. Moreover, exogenous cyanobacteria applications such as Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena oryzae enhance the outcrossing rates and floral traits, as well as the production of seeds for hybrid rice [ 73 ].…”

Effects of row ratio and plant spacing for enhancing hybrid rice seed production in the tropics

“…It is possible to achieve this through the implementation of a staggered planting technique (Gaballah et al, 2022;Yanning et al, 2021;Casco et al, 2021). The CMS parent and restorer lines were planted using a certain row ratio and spacing to maximize seed output in producing hybrid rice seeds (Hamad et al, 2022). Considering the previously mentioned aspects, the current study has main goal to standardize the appropriate row ratio for enhancing their outcrossing rate, which could result in higher seed yield, as well as to investigate the optimal plant spacing to increase the population of the female parent for enhancing HIPA18 hybrid rice seed production.…”