Cyanogenic compounds in flaxseed

Oomah, B. Dave; Mazza, G.; Kenaschuk, E. O.

doi:10.1021/jf00020a010

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…They are present as glycosides, and are likely to vary more with cultivar than with location or year (Oomah et al, 1992). Seed treatments can decrease cyanides.…”

Section: Increasing the Use Of Linseed: Potential And Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linseed: a valuable feedstuff for ruminants

Doreau

Ferlay

2015

OCL

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-Linseeds are used in ruminant feeding for a long time, but this feedstuff knows now increasing interest. Linseeds are rich in alpha-linolenic acid, a fatty acid from the omega-3 series. Despite an extensive biohydrogenation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid in the rumen, its concentration in milk and beef meat increases with linseed incorporation in diets; this increase is accompanied by that of other fatty acids produced during biohydrogenation, especially conjugated linoleic acids and trans 18:1 fatty acids. The increase in cow fertility due to omega-3 fatty acids has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, linseed incorporation in ruminant diets is one of the most efficient ways to decrease enteric methane emissions. In addition to a global mitigating effect of all lipid sources on methane, linseeds have a specific effect due to changes in rumen microbial ecosystem. The practical use of linseeds in ruminant feeding at a large scale requires the absence of negative effect at any step of the ruminant production system. An excessive supply of lipids from linseeds can have deleterious effects on digestive efficiency, milk fat and protein content, beef susceptibility to oxidation, milk and beef fatty acid composition, but when linseed incorporation in the diet does not exceed ca. 3% of additional fat, only positive effects are remaining. A challenge is the increase in linseed cropping to meet increased needs for animal feeding.Keywords: Linseed / milk / beef / omega-3 fatty acids / methane Résumé -La graine de lin : un aliment de choix pour les ruminants. La graine de lin est utilisée depuis longtemps dans l'alimentation des ruminants, mais son emploi suscite un regain d'intérêt. Le lin est en effet riche en acide alpha-linolénique, un acide gras de la série des oméga 3. En dépit d'une biohydrogénation poussée dans le rumen, sa concentration dans le lait et la viande bovine est accrue lorsque la ration est enrichie en graines de lin ; cet accroissement va de pair avec celui d'autres acides gras intermédiaires de la biohydrogénation comme les acides gras monoinsaturés trans et les acides linoléiques conjugués. L'amélioration de la fertilité des vaches liée à cet apport d'oméga 3 n'a pas été démontrée. Par ailleurs, l'incorporation de lin dans la ration des ruminants est un des moyens efficaces pour réduire l'émission de méthane entérique. Outre un effet de toutes les sources de lipides pour réduire le méthane, le lin a un effet spécifique lié à son action sur le microbiote ruminal. L'utilisation de la graine de lin à grande échelle dans l'alimentation des bovins nécessite qu'il n'ait pas d'effet négatif à quelque niveau du système de production. Un apport excessif de lipides du lin peut diminuer la digestibilité de la ration, les taux butyreux et protéique du lait, modifier sensiblement la composition en acides gras du lait et de la viande, et augmenter la susceptibilité à l'oxydation des produits. Toutefois, lorsque l'incorporation de lipides du lin ne dépasse pas 3 % environ de la ration, seuls les effets pos...

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“…They are present as glycosides, and are likely to vary more with cultivar than with location or year (Oomah et al, 1992). Seed treatments can decrease cyanides.…”

Section: Increasing the Use Of Linseed: Potential And Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linseed: a valuable feedstuff for ruminants

Doreau

Ferlay

2015

OCL

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“…To test these predictions, HPLC was used to quantify the cyanogenic compounds in germinating seedlings and seedling tissues of the two flax lines. The quantitative method was a modification of the method reported by Oomah et al (1992). Preparative procedures were also established to provide purified samples of the three cyanogenic compounds that are not commercially available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the developmental regulation of the cyanogenic compounds in seedlings of two lines ofLinum usitatissimumL.

Krech¹,

Fieldes²

2003

Can. J. Bot.

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The developmental profiles and tissue distribution of the four cyanogenic compounds in seedlings of two developmentally contrasting inbred lines of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were examined using HPLC. During germination, the isoleucine-derived compound, neolinustatin, was hydrolysed faster in the more vigorous of the two lines. Furthermore, in this line, the neolinustatin content was higher in seeds and the accumulation of the other isoleucine-derived compound, lotaustralin, was also higher in the cotyledons of seedlings. In contrast, with one exception, the hydrolysis and accumulation of the valine-derived compounds, linustatin and linamarin, was the same in both lines. Differences in the levels of the compounds during germination, and in the hypocotyls, are interpreted as evidence for the involvement of transient levels of hydrogen cyanide in the autocatalytic regulation of ethylene production.Key words: HPLC, germination, hypocotyl, neolinustatin, lotaustralin, ethylene.

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“…The hydrocyanic acid concentration ranged between 365 and 550mg in 10 flaxseed cultivars in Canada (Oomah et al, 1992). In cattle, the lethal oral dose of hydrocyanic acid is 2 mg/kg/body weight, equivalent to 1, 3 g to an animal with body weight of 650 kg (Conn, 1979).…”

Section: Flaxseed In the Diet Of Lactating Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) in the diet of dairy cows: Review

Santos¹,

Lima²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2018

Pubvet

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ABSTRACT. The use of lipids in the diet of dairy cows is widely spread in animal production, since these have great ability to assist in recovery from stress caused by postpartum, where animals are in poor body condition, from low consumption of dry matter in the state of negative energy balance. Ruminants receive the lipids, mainly in esterified form (mono-and diglycerides) in the fodder and focused in the form of triglycerides. After the intake of lipids, these chemical changes occur in the ruminal environment, changing the composition and profile of fatty acids. Flaxseed is very rich in linoleic acid (C18:2), which is an important fatty acid secreted by the mammary gland and in humans is associated with the fight against free radicals. Such characteristics are studied by agricultural sciences professionals to optimize the diet of dairy cows, with the aim of increasing conjugated linoleic acid content (CLA) in milk. The objective of this review was to facilitate the understanding on the issues of metabolism, milk composition and performance of dairy cows placed in front of the supplementation with flaxseed.Keywords: supplementation, alternative food, metabolism Utilização de semente de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum) na dieta de vacas leiteiras: Revisão RESUMO. A utilização de lipídios na dieta de vacas leiteiras é amplamente difundida na produção animal, visto que estes possuem grande capacidade de auxiliar na recuperação do estresse durante o pós-parto, onde os animais estão em condição corporal deficiente, advindo do baixo consumo de matéria seca no estado de Balanço Energético Negativo. Os ruminantes recebem os lipídios, principalmente na forma esterificada (mono e diglicerídeos) nas forragens, e nos concentrados na forma de triglicerídeos. Após a ingestão dos lipídios, ocorrem modificações químicas destes no ambiente ruminal, alterando a composição e o perfil dos ácidos graxos. A semente de linhaça é rica em ácido linoleico (C18:2), sendo este um importante ácido graxo secretado pela glândula mamária e em humanos está associado ao combate aos radicais livres. Tais características são estudadas por profissionais de ciências agrárias para otimizar a dieta de vacas leiteiras, com o intuito de aumentar o teor de ácidos linoleicos conjugados (CLA) no leite. O objetivo da presente revisão foi facilitar o entendimento quanto às questões de metabolismo, composição do leite e desempenho de vacas leiteiras colocadas frente à suplementação com semente de linhaça.Palavras chave: suplementação, alternativa alimentar, metabolismo Santos et al. PUBVETv.12, n.7, a126, p.1-9, Jul., 2018Uso de la semilla de linaza (Linum usitatissimum) en la dieta de vacas lecheras: Revisión RESUMEN. La utilización de lípidos en la dieta de vacas lecheras es ampliamente difundida en la producción animal, ya que éstos poseen gran capacidad de auxiliar en la recuperación del estrés durante o posparto, donde los animales están en condición corporal deficiente, proveniente del bajo consumo de materia seca en el estado de Balance Energético Negat...

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Cyanogenic compounds in flaxseed

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

Linseed: a valuable feedstuff for ruminants

Linseed: a valuable feedstuff for ruminants

Analysis of the developmental regulation of the cyanogenic compounds in seedlings of two lines ofLinum usitatissimumL.

Use of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) in the diet of dairy cows: Review

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