Cyber-Security of Smart Microgrids: A Survey

Nejabatkhah, Farzam; Li, Yunwei; Liang, Hao; Ahrabi, Rouzbeh Reza

doi:10.3390/en14010027

Cited by 98 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(183 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of course, natural disasters are not the electric grid's only vulnerability. Cyber security, for example, is an increasing concern for all infrastructure in the digital age, including microgrids [39,40]. Qi et al noted that the "threat of cyber-based attacks targeting the.…”

Section: Digital Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Potential of Microgrids in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy Systems

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International, national, and subnational laws and policies call for rapidly decarbonizing energy systems around the globe. This effort relies heavily on renewable electricity and calls for a transition that is: (i) flexible enough to accommodate existing and new electricity end uses and users; (ii) resilient in response to climate change and other threats to electricity infrastructure; (iii) cost-effective in comparison to alternatives; and (iv) just in the face of energy systems that are often the result of—or the cause of—procedural, distributive, and historical injustices. Acknowledging the intertwined roles of technology and policy, this work provides a cross-disciplinary review of how microgrids may contribute to renewable electricity systems that are flexible, resilient, cost-effective, and just (including illustrative examples from Korea, California, New York, the European Union, and elsewhere). Following this review of generalized microgrid characteristics, we more closely examine the role and potential of microgrids in two United States jurisdictions that have adopted 100% renewable electricity standards (Hawai‘i and Puerto Rico), and which are actively developing regulatory regimes putatively designed to enable renewable microgrids. Collectively, this review shows that although microgrids have the potential to support the transition to 100% renewable electricity in a variety of ways, the emerging policy structures require substantial further development to operationalize that potential. We conclude that unresolved fundamental policy tensions arise from justice considerations, such as how to distribute the benefits and burdens of microgrid infrastructure, rather than from technical questions about microgrid topologies and operating characteristics. Nonetheless, technical and quantitative future research will be necessary to assist regulators as they develop microgrid policies. In particular, there is a need to develop socio–techno–economic analyses of cost-effectiveness, which consider a broad range of potential benefits and costs.

show abstract

Section: Digital Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Potential of Microgrids in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy Systems

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In SMGs, information/communication technologies play a key role in operating and control, cyber systems and physical processes are tightly coupled, but the cyber incidents can impact their reliable operations [76]. Many menaces are threatening transmission environment and wired connection, like information gathering, and weak encryption keys or authentication methods used: disadvantages that potential attackers exploit.…”

Section: Energy-efficient Management For Rtnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Energy Generation and IoT Power Consumption for Telecom Networks in Remote Areas

Bouhamida

Ghouali

Feham

et al. 2021

Technol Econ Smart Grids Sustain Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, electrical grids are using information and communication technologies for providing intelligence in electrical grids, since alternative energy sources are increasing to meet the world's energy consumption demand. Interest in Internet of Things (IoT) is lastingly growing and may involve more data-sensitive projects when applied in smart micro-grids (SMGs), and security is a priority to be ensured for power distribution and consumption. Moreover, standards for IoT platforms should be optimized for monitoring such consumption and controlling grid resources, which present more demanding challenges. In such context, this work aims to adopt an appropriate PV-based energy generation system feeding a remote telecom network (RTN), via evaluating its performance, and monitor a related smart micro-grid (SMG) to offer a secure and energy-efficient management for RTNs. Simulink simulations have proved DC/DC converters as the best choice for future telecoms applications by using PV systems. Boost converters reveal to be suitable for PV systems while optimizing a fewer transformers electric energy conversion. A focus is also on how to detect and counteract attacks to prevent power theft/loss while feeding RTNs, showing that the best security choice is the use of Snort to prevent from inside net LAN, and ASA firewall to obstruct attacks from outside.

show abstract

“…The targeted benefits should address opportunities for improved system stability and efficiency of operation. Cybersecurity in microgrids is classified under two main schemes: protection and detection/mitigation schemes [54].…”

Section: ) Security Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smart microgrid framework is such it is composed of numerous smart meters and sensors, hence it is not economical to protect all of them. Only a few critical meters/ sensors can therefore be protected to reduce on cost [54]. To optimize the number of protected smart devices for purposes of cybersecurity resiliency, there is need to balance cost of protection and the level of security required.…”

Section: ) Security Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software-Defined Power Grids: A Survey on Opportunities and Taxonomy for Microgrids

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Future generation power grids will require the introduction and deployment of distributed energy resources to meet modern day load requirements. Consequently, we expect to see a rise in microgrids (MGs) existing as part of the main grid (grid-connected) or independent (islanded). Contained in these microgrids are a combination of energy resources such as solar, wind and fossil-fuels coupled with storage devices, electric vehicles and smart devices supporting prosumer operation. However, the addition of renewable energy resources would mean fluctuations in energy supply which would cause power system instability if not managed effectively. Hence, to maximize the management flexibility of MGs, the concept of microgrid software-definition is introduced. A concept that can be looked at as giving the microgrid an operating system to improve operation response and event detection by maintaining a global view of the network. This paper therefore critically analyses what this entails by presenting an architecture for Software-Defined Microgrids and discussing the management opportunities that softwarization of the MG introduces. We also highlight the design requirements and associated challenges in implementing and deploying SDMGs.INDEX TERMS Energy balancing, grid resiliency, microgrids, power grid management, software-defined networking, smart grids.

show abstract

Cyber-Security of Smart Microgrids: A Survey

Cited by 98 publications

References 108 publications

The Emerging Potential of Microgrids in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy Systems

The Emerging Potential of Microgrids in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy Systems

PV Energy Generation and IoT Power Consumption for Telecom Networks in Remote Areas

Software-Defined Power Grids: A Survey on Opportunities and Taxonomy for Microgrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About