Cyber Threats to Smart Grids: Review, Taxonomy, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions

Ding, Jianguo; Qammar, Attia; Zhang, Zhimin; Karim, Ahmad; Ning, Huansheng

doi:10.3390/en15186799

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…( 2021 ) LFC DoS Artificial intelligence SIMULINK in MATLAB, Box and Jenkins gas furnace dataset and Mackey-Glass dataset Detect Demir et al. ( 2018 ) Not specified DDoS Isolation affected systems techniques, Cloud-based techniques Amazon’s EC2, PlanetLab test-bed Respond and Recovery Rahiminejad et al. ( 2023 ) AGC Not specified Cyber-Physical Multi-Aspect Resilience-Based Recovery Metric (CPARM)-based The 39-bus New England test system, IEEE 30-bus system Recovery 1 https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/da9a88d6-6535-4c7f-8d54-a93a50b2f177/the-national-archives-energy-consumption 2 https://www.data.gov.uk/dataset/fee711fd-b405-4939-8945-5f9189839ad0/department-for-education-gas-and-electricity-half-hourly-data 3 https://www.nyiso.com/energy-market-operational-data 4 https://hdl.handle.net/11668/20006 …”

Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the article (Demir et al. 2018 ) proposes a mechanism to quickly quarantine malicious clients during DDoS attacks in a cloud-assisted SG system. The mechanism isolates the suspected malicious clients by redirecting their traffic to a quarantine server while allowing legitimate traffic to continue to flow.…”

Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a strong proactive DDoS attack defense mechanism and recovery strategy is proposed in Demir et al. ( 2018 ), which dynamically changes the open ports of the broker servers to efficiently drop the invalid packets in the firewall. Furthermore, it diffuses consecutive data packets over several servers versus a single server to rapidly recover the attacked system in the cloud.…”

Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of smart grid cyber-security, examining architectures, communication networks, cyber-attacks, countermeasure techniques, and challenges

Achaal,

Adda,

Berger

et al. 2024

Cybersecurity

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Smart Grid (SG) technology utilizes advanced network communication and monitoring technologies to manage and regulate electricity generation and transport. However, this increased reliance on technology and connectivity also introduces new vulnerabilities, making SG communication networks susceptible to large-scale attacks. While previous surveys have mainly provided high-level overviews of SG architecture, our analysis goes further by presenting a comprehensive architectural diagram encompassing key SG components and communication links. This holistic view enhances understanding of potential cyber threats and enables systematic cyber risk assessment for SGs. Additionally, we propose a taxonomy of various cyberattack types based on their targets and methods, offering detailed insights into vulnerabilities. Unlike other reviews focused narrowly on protection and detection, our proposed categorization covers all five functions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology cybersecurity framework. This delivers a broad perspective to help organizations implement balanced and robust security. Consequently, we have identified critical research gaps, especially regarding response and recovery mechanisms. This underscores the need for further investigation to bolster SG cybersecurity. These research needs, among others, are highlighted as open issues in our concluding section.

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Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solutions and Countermeasures For Cybersecurity In Sg Catego...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study of smart grid cyber-security, examining architectures, communication networks, cyber-attacks, countermeasure techniques, and challenges

Achaal,

Adda,

Berger

et al. 2024

Cybersecurity

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show abstract

“…Thus, SG are thought of as a typical kind of SOS. Finding and fixing vulnerabilities in the SG is much more challenging due to the dynamic nature and complexity of the systems [69]. The SG is thus vulnerable to potential threats.…”

Section: Evolving and Complex Sg Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Smart Grid Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Analysis of Attacks, Defenses, and Innovative AI-Blockchain Solutions

Ghadi,

Talpur,

Mazhar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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With the rapid expansion of the world population and economy, the need for energy has also increased. To minimize energy waste, it is crucial that energy be supplied to residences and businesses in an efficient manner. Smart Grids (SG) have the potential to decrease these power losses by improving the energy grid's efficiency. The effective integration of methods like artificial intelligence and blockchain into SGs has made it easier to predict customer preferences. Immediate analysis and comparison of the different AI and blockchain approaches is necessary in order to determine which approach is best for SGs. This study aims to know about some basic of smart grid. Furthermore, this study also looks at different types of layers and attacks on these layers and provide solutions of these attacks using AI and blockchain methods. At the end the study, also focus on open issues in this field and gives some future directions. By classifying attacks, proposing innovative defenses, and exploring AI and blockchain solutions, the study contributes to safeguarding smart grid infrastructures. Future research directions include addressing emerging attack strategies and refining technology for enhanced security.

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“…These studies focus on identifying potential vulnerabilities and proposing effective and dependable solutions, whether on the cyber or physical level. These efforts have been undertaken in response to the increasing threat of CPS attacks on smart grids and their applications [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Command Injection Attacks in Smart Grids: A Survey

Usama,

Aman

2024

IEEE Open J. Ind. Applicat.

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Cybersecurity is important in the realization of various smart grid technologies. Several studies have been conducted to discuss different types of cyberattacks and provide their countermeasures. The False Command Injection Attack (FCIA) is considered one of the most critical attacks that have been studied. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to detect FCIAs on different components of smart grids. The predominant focus of current surveys lies on FCIAs and detection techniques for such attacks. This paper presents a survey of existing works on FCIAs and classifies FCIAs in smart grids according to the targeted component. The impacts of FCIAs on smart grids are also discussed. Subsequently, this paper provides an extensive review of detection studies, categorizing them based on the type of detection technique employed.

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Cyber Threats to Smart Grids: Review, Taxonomy, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions

Cited by 46 publications

References 129 publications

Study of smart grid cyber-security, examining architectures, communication networks, cyber-attacks, countermeasure techniques, and challenges

Study of smart grid cyber-security, examining architectures, communication networks, cyber-attacks, countermeasure techniques, and challenges

Enhancing Smart Grid Cybersecurity: A Comprehensive Analysis of Attacks, Defenses, and Innovative AI-Blockchain Solutions

Command Injection Attacks in Smart Grids: A Survey

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