Cyber War<i>Will</i>Take Place!

Stone, John

doi:10.1080/01402390.2012.730485

Cited by 67 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The cyberspace is a source and a target of new security threats: its huge expansion and a growing reliance on it implies that vulnerabilities might be exploited by various groups, either within or outside the state. A growing dependence on the cyberspace is therefore a double‐edged sword: it enables positive interactions and activities previously too costly or impossible to conduct, but also amplifies the possibilities of harming activities, as observed in the cases of espionage, sabotage and disinformation (Clarke and Knake, 2014; Stone, 2013). This occurred in various cases, as in the attacks against Iranian nuclear centrifuges in 2010, the mass surveillance conducted by the US National Security Agency and the use of robots or data harvesting during election campaigns 5.…”

Section: What Can the Brics Achieve As A Group? A Focus On Anti‐drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whither Security Cooperation in the BRICS? Between the Protection of Norms and Domestic Politics Dynamics

Moraes

2020

Global Policy

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This paper argues that the BRICS are status quo powers concerning two core norms of the international society: sovereignty and hierarchy, what conditions both the scope and depth of their security cooperation. On the one hand, this enables cooperation, as they can use the group to protect these norms and reinforce state control on transnational flows. In addition, this facilitates the formation of ties among foreign policy and bureaucratic elites across the BRICS who share a preference for protecting these norms. On the other hand, the importance attached to these norms constrains cooperation: differences of regime type are associated to higher levels of distrust; and intragroup power asymmetries raise fears of potential unequal agreements. The paper then applies these ideas to indicate the potential for cooperation on anti-drug and cybersecurity policies. On the one hand, different regime types and power inequalities are likely to hinder cooperation. On the other hand, interests from foreign policy, political and bureaucratic elites in protecting norms, as well as in increasing state control on transnational flows and expand repression against new threats are likely to facilitate cooperation. Policy Implications • As the BRICS seek to protect the norms of sovereignty and hierarchy, this might prevent them from engaging positively with global governance issues if these are perceived to weaken these norms. For this reason, solutions for global problems would have to be compatible with them. • Policymakers should not ignore asymmetries among the BRICS, as there is evidence in the literature that they determine patterns of international cooperation. Differences of regime type, for example, are likely to hinder cooperation. This is not applicable to all areas, however, and does not imply that cooperation cannot happen at all. • Given the various asymmetries and different preferences among the BRICS, cooperation does not have to always involve the five countries. The group could work as a platform for the formation of networks involving only a few of the BRICS. For example, as they have different levels of concern about terrorism, cooperation could involve only like-minded states. While this issue is of great relevance for Russia and India, it has a low political salience in Brazil and South Africa, which nonetheless might be useful to legitimize others' positions. • The BRICS frequently state in public that new approaches to global governance are needed. As an area of opportunity, models based on large-scale repression of certain crimes have been extensively tested and proved to fail. In the case of anti-drug policies, there are initiatives that reduce overall drug consumption or minimize some of their negative effects, such as prevention of early use of drugs and harm reduction. The BRICS could stress the need for an approach against drugs based on science, focusing on the need to reform the current regime.

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Section: What Can the Brics Achieve As A Group? A Focus On Anti‐drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whither Security Cooperation in the BRICS? Between the Protection of Norms and Domestic Politics Dynamics

Moraes

2020

Global Policy

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“…Besonders prominent wurden diese unter anderem von Richard A. Clarke skizziert, einem früheren Cybersicherheitsberater der Administration von George W. Bush (Clarke/Knake 2010). Die Rede vom Cyberkrieg riss in den Folgejahren nicht ab (Stone 2013;Stiennon 2015). Im Gegenteil: Die Bedrohungsperzeptionen im Hinblick auf den Cyberspace sind in den vergangenen Jahren immer deutlicher geworden, haben Strategiepapiere und Aktionspläne erreicht, stehen dort vielfach an führender Stelle, wenn es um die größten Bedrohungen unserer Zeit geht, und haben institutionelle Reformen begründet.…”

Section: Cyberwar Is (Still) Comingunclassified

Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft

Kersting¹,

Ritzi²

2019

Politik in Der Digitalen Gesellschaft

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Der digitale Wandel hat längst auch den wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungsbetrieb erfasst: Wissenschaftliche Papiere zirkulieren auf elektronischen Wegen, werden auf digitalen Plattformen zugänglich gemacht, algorithmisch gefiltert und bibliometrisch ausgewertet. In Bibliotheken werden Regalmeter abund Computerarbeitsplätze aufgebaut. Und Verlage verkaufen immer häufiger Download-Pakete statt einzelner Buchtitel. In diesen Zeiten einen Sammelband zu veröffentlichen, ja sogar eine Buchreihe zum Thema »Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft« zu etablieren, mag demgegenüber geradezu antiquiert erscheinen. Dennoch haben wir diesen Weg gewählt, und mit diesem Auftaktband erreichen wir das erste Etappenziel.Nicht nur, weil die einzelnen Bände sowohl als Druckfassung als auch »Open Access« erscheinen, glauben wir, dass eine solche Schriftenreihe Zukunft hat. Sie soll einen Ort bilden, an dem aktuelle und bemerkenswerte Arbeiten zum Thema »Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft« für eine breite (sozial-)wissenschaftliche »Community« sichtbar werden. Dies können zentrale Ergebnisse aus großen Forschungsprojekten, Dissertationen und andere Monographien oder auch Tagungsbände sein. Es können Studien aus der Politikfeldforschung ebenso wie aus der Politischen Theorie, der Partizipationsforschung, dem Bereich der Politischen Kommunikation oder aus anderen Teilbereichen der Politikwissenschaft, der Soziologie oder der Kommunikationswissenschaft sein. Denn die Untersuchung digitaler Technologien überwindet auch die Grenzen etablierter Disziplinen und Forschungsfelder.Unter anderem auf dieses »Grenzgängertum« mag es zurückzuführen sein, dass sich auch rund zwanzig Jahre nach dem Beginn des »digitalen Zeitalters« 1 im deutschsprachigen Raum nur allmählich ein eigenständiges Forschungsfeld zur Analyse der neuen Technologien und ihrer gesellschaftlichen und politischen Implikationen etabliert (vgl. Kersting 2019a). Auch an (Publikations-)Foren, in welchen wissenschaftliche Diskurse vertieft geführt werden können, mangelte es lange Zeit.

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“…These violent effects need not be lethal in character: they can break things, rather than kill people, and still fall under the rubric of war. Moreover, the mediating influence of technology means that small acts of force -such as tapping a keyboard -can result in large amounts of violence, lethal or otherwise [25].…”

Section: Cyberwar and Global Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyberconflicts as a Threat for the Modern State

Górka¹

2018

csit

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The Internet quite naturally is becoming a 'new battlefield' or 'offers a new dimension' (the fifth to the: land, sea, air, and stratosphere) to the conflict. Cyberwar is another way of being in conflict in the long history of military technology, which forces new tactical and operational concepts. Global awareness of cyberwar has risen considerably in the last few years and many national states are preparing for defence and offensive operations. In fact, cyberwar is a part of the evolution of conventional war, which, on the other hand is related to the changes in the social, political and mainly technological sphere. What is being stressed is the need to examine the ethical implications, which lead to further questions and doubts whether the use of the techniques of cyber war may result in shorter and less bloody and consequently more 'ethical' conflicts? Cyber-attack doesn't need to kill anyone or cause material loses, but it is still considered dangerous.

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Cyber WarWillTake Place!

Cited by 67 publications

References 4 publications

Whither Security Cooperation in the BRICS? Between the Protection of Norms and Domestic Politics Dynamics

Whither Security Cooperation in the BRICS? Between the Protection of Norms and Domestic Politics Dynamics

Politik in der digitalen Gesellschaft

Cyberconflicts as a Threat for the Modern State

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