Cybercrime

“Corporate Digital Responsibility”

“…Digital technologies such as cloud solutions and peer-to-peer collaboration allow companies to shift supporting business processes to other parts of the world with cheaper labor supply (Kahl et al. 2017 ) Potential Threats Workforce disruption Digitalization has led to a decrease in demand for low level repetitive jobs that have been automated by digital technologies, and the emergence of collaborate business models is also redefining new skill requirements for the labor market and the educational curriculum (McKinsey Global Institute 2017 ) Cybercrimes Digitalization has increased the vulnerability of individuals and business to malicious attacks (Marcum and Higgins 2019 ), which also target online communities that may consists of millions of individuals (Marcum and Higgins 2019 ) Data privacy issues The ease of access to personal information has created a new set of privacy issues which were not prominent before the digital era (Elahi 2009 ), resulting in an evolution of policies that govern data privacy concerns of individuals (Elahi 2009 ) Social engineering and media manipulation The susceptibility to influence and manipulation has increased in size and breadth as a result of digitalization and new capabilities now enable basic human behaviors to easily be exploited remotely by malicious attackers to achieve an economic or political agenda (Marwick and Lewis 2017 ) …”

“…Digitalization has led to a decrease in demand for low level repetitive jobs that have been automated by digital technologies, and the emergence of collaborate business models is also redefining new skill requirements for the labor market and the educational curriculum (McKinsey Global Institute 2017) Cybercrimes Digitalization has increased the vulnerability of individuals and business to malicious attacks (Marcum and Higgins 2019), which also target online communities that may consists of millions of individuals (Marcum and Higgins 2019) Data privacy issues…”

Police department perceptions of the mobility and safety of online vs offline prostitutes

“…The main problem with this tactic is that it subjects sex workers to a greater likelihood of identification and apprehension by law enforcement, as well as long hours spent in the elements. The internet has allowed these transactions to move from plain sight to an anonymous, hidden world with many digital “dark corners” in which to hide and participate in criminal enterprises, while allowing the sex worker to forego the discomfort of street walking to attract johns (Marcum, 2019). Sex workers can employ encrypted e-mail addresses for communication or advertise services on social media with hidden innuendo that infers prostitution services to the knowledgeable client (Holt and Blevins, 2007).…”

“…For cybercriminals, the internet often allows a veil of secrecy and anonymity not afforded in the physical world. A person can assume a different, or multiple identities, posting profiles and descriptions online of attributes with little connection to reality (Marcum, 2019). Cybercriminals can perform simple to intricate offenses without much risk of immediate detection.…”

“…The internet also provides numerous benefits for individuals who sell sexual services[1] not afforded to individuals who sell sex on the street, from increased earnings, greater safety and efficiency, to simply spending less time out in the elements (Cunningham and Kendall, 2011; Moore, 2011). Online sex workers are often viewed as a higher class of sex worker compared to street walkers (Marcum, 2019), so they are able to charge more for their services. This class distinction arises largely from differences in the circumstances and resources available to sex workers; those who are more educated and/or technologically savvy, younger and more physically attractive, and generally in less desperate straits have easier access to online venues for prostitution.…”