Cybersecurity for Blockchain-Based IoT Systems: A Review

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a pervasive technology with various applications ranging from smart homes and cities to industrial automation and healthcare. However, the increasing adoption of IoT devices has also raised significant concerns about cybersecurity and privacy. Blockchain, as a distributed and immutable ledger technology, has been proposed as a potential solution to enhance the security and privacy of IoT systems. Blockchain-based IoT systems offer several benefits, such as decentralization, transparency, and data integrity. However, they also pose unique cybersecurity challenges that need to be addressed for their secure and reliable deployment. In this paper, we review the existing literature and highlight the key challenges in cybersecurity for blockchain-based IoT systems. We categorize these challenges into three main areas: (i) IoT device security, (ii) blockchain security, and (iii) integration of IoT devices with blockchain (network security). Through an in-depth analysis, we present the current state of research and discuss potential solutions for each challenge. Additionally, we contribute by identifying future research directions to address these challenges and enhance the cybersecurity of blockchain-based IoT systems.

Tides of Blockchain in IoT Cybersecurity

“…Its distributed architecture and cryptographic principles guarantee data integrity and resilience against tampering [37]. Security issues with IoT devices, blockchain, and connecting IoT devices to blockchain networks are cybersecurity concerns for blockchain-based IoT systems [2,38].…”

“…The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized computing and sensing across various domains, offering ubiquitous connectivity and data exchange [1,2]. With industrial networks embracing IoT on a massive scale, the interconnectedness of billions of devices presents both opportunities and challenges [3].…”

“…The IoT system's security and privacy could be improved with the help of blockchain technology [2,5], with open, unchangeable, and safe transactions [5], thereby enhancing security and privacy by utilizing blockchain technology [6]. Integrating IoT ecosystems with blockchain technology is a promising strategy to fortify cybersecurity measures in the evolving digital landscape.…”

“…Blockchain technology has recently been used by researchers in intrusion detection systems (IDSs) for improved monitoring and detection, prevention of malicious activities or attacks, and tamper-proof transactions and storage in IoT devices and networks [2,12]. Blockchain immutability promotes security and efficient data storage for resource-constrained systems.…”

“…Privacy and confidentiality: Private blockchains provide controlled access to data, guaranteeing confidentiality and making them suitable for scenarios where sensitive information needs secure sharing. IoT leverages private blockchains for securely exchanging critical data, such as patient health records or industrial process data [2,45].…”