Cyclic CO2 release as a physiological stress indicator in insects

Kestler, P.

doi:10.1016/0742-8413(91)90155-m

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Small physiological changes (Kestler 1991) might not affect the longevity or behavioural aspects of bees under normal environmental conditions, but in extreme situations, these may lead to clear effects (Bryden et al 2013). Metabolic rate (Kestler 1985(Kestler , 1991Zafeiridou and Theophilidis 2006) as well as water loss rate (Muljar et al 2012) has been used as indicators for sublethal stressors like pesticides. Kaolin is suggested to affect the cuticular permeability (Cook et al 2008) to water which is one of the limiting factors for insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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Kaolin is an inert material with a broad range of applications, e.g. as an insecticide and as a filling substance in the formulation of biopesticides. Hence, bees that dispense biopesticides to the field in the context of entomovectoring are exposed to elevated risks because of sideeffects of those products. Here, we investigated with use of bumble bee workers of Bombus terrestris L. the lethal and sublethal effects of (i) pure kaolin, (ii) the biofungicide Prestop-Mix containing the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum and kaolin and (iii) the bioinsecticide BotaniGard containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and compared with wheat flour powder that we considered safe for bumble bees. As the most important result, treatment with kaolin increased the cuticular water loss and reduced the survival of treated bumble bees, while Prestop-Mix had no negative effect on longevity. BotaniGard caused mortality in the bumble bees because of the entomopathogenic spores it contained. In conclusion, our data indicated that substances used as 'inert materials' and in biocontrol agents which are used in IPM and organic farming systems may bring higher risks to bumble bees used in entomovector technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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“…However, the pumping in treated beetles occurred at higher frequencies and amplitudes than in untreated beetles characterized by continuous gas exchange. Mild desiccation, sublethal doses of toxicant and handling stress also result in a similar pattern of release of CO2 (Kestler, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, there are also other factors that might result in the cessation of normal DGE (Kuusik et al, 2001b). The mechanism in insects may be either autointoxication and/or the release of neurohormones, or changes in O2/CO2 thresholds, or in the CO2 capacitance due to changes in the acid-base status (Kestler, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A very long C-phase, lasting nearly one day, is characteristic of diapausing pupae of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae . Kestler (1991) reports sublethal effects of toxicants on CFV cycles (DGE), which are transformed into a pattern of continuous respiration. Some early studies also report that the Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Kuusik et al, 2001a), Hylobius abietis (Sibul et al, 2004) and pupae of P. brassicae (Harak et al, 1999;Jõgar et al, 2006Jõgar et al, , 2008 treated with toxic substances do not respire using DGE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas exchange patterns in Platynus assimilis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Respiratory failure induced by a pyrethroid

Kivimägi¹,

Kuusik²,

Ploomi³

et al. 2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) is the main (23 individuals) breathing mode in resting adult Platynus assimilis. Few of the beetles tested (13 individuals) displayed a pattern of cyclic gas exchange or CGE. The burst of CO2 release in DGE and CGE was always accompanied by abdominal pumping (active ventilation or V). Seven individuals displayed a pattern of continuous respiration, characterized by regular abdominal pumping. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in continuously breathing beetles was higher than in those using DGE and CGE. After treatment with sub-lethal doses of alpha-cypermethrin DGE ceased. Treated beetles were characterized by continuous pumping and almost regular periods of activity. RMR increased significantly after treatment with a pyrethroid.

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“…Therefore, we suggest that continuous pumping is a sign of stress (see Möbius et al, 1996). According to Kestler (1991) several stress factors may cause respiratory failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in abdominal pumping, miniature inspirations and heartbeats simultaneously recorded during cyclical gas exchange in adult Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using a respirometer and IR actographs

Sibul¹,

Kuusik²,

Voolma³

2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Rhythms in abdominal pumping, heartbeats and discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGCs) of CFV subtype (closed, flutter and ventilation periods) in adults of pine weevil Hylobius abietis were simultaneously recorded using an electrolytic microrespirometer and an infrared (IR) cardiograph or IR actograph (IRA). The cyclic release of carbon dioxide was associated with active ventilation (V phase) provided by vigorous abdominal pumping movements due to contractions of tonic longitudinal and transversal abdominal muscles, which are visible to the naked eye. On the IRA-recordings, the abdominal pumping signals are superimposed on the heartbeat spikes. The relative amplitude of the abdominal pumping signals on these recordings is more than 10 times greater than that of the heart beats. Visual observations showed that the subelytral cavity appeared to be closed during the release of carbon dioxide and open at other times. The flutter (F) of the CFV cycle is characterised by active miniature inspirations or ventilations before the V period. The miniature ventilation movements were imperceptible to the naked eye, but were recorded on the respirometer-actigraph as clear spikes. In addition, movements of the tip of the abdomen, of between 10−20 µm were seen under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 40×. Some cycles were categorized as (C)FV cycles, when the C period disappears into the end of the V period. Abdominal pumping and miniature inspirations were clearly synchronized with the CFV cycles. Abdominal pumping movements, miniature inspirations or ventilations and heartbeats in adult H. abietis were distinguishable when recordings of the electrolytic microrespirometer-actograph and IRA were made in parallel. These three events were recognized by their different amplitudes and frequencies. It is presumed that abdominal pumping and miniature inspirations in adult H. abietis are obligatory rhythmic movements of different function and origin.

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Cyclic CO2 release as a physiological stress indicator in insects

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Gas exchange patterns in Platynus assimilis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Respiratory failure induced by a pyrethroid

Patterns in abdominal pumping, miniature inspirations and heartbeats simultaneously recorded during cyclical gas exchange in adult Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using a respirometer and IR actographs

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