Cyclic peptide: a safe and effective alternative to synthetic aflatoxin B1-competitive antigens

Zhang

et al. 2022

Toxins

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.

Section: Microplate-and Tube-based Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review

Zhang

et al. 2022

Toxins

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

“…Aflatoxin is mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in food and agri‐products, and Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is regarded as the most toxic aflatoxin and is classified as a group I carcinogenic substance by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Mukhtar et al., 2019). Due to the stability of AFB 1 against heat and alkali treatment, it is hard to get rid of AFB 1 after contamination.…”

Section: Current and Futural Application In Food Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is quite desirable and urgent to establish new methods that are safe, sensitive, and low cost for AFB 1 detection in foods. Mukhtar et al (2019) developed a biotinylated peptidebased immunoassay (bp-ELISA) for the determination of AFB 1 by using a cyclic peptide (CVPSKPGLC), which was synthesized chemically and biotinylated as a mimic of AFB 1 . The cyclic peptide acts as an alternative reagent for AFB 1 -competing antigen, which can replace a chemicalcompetitive antigen and avoid exposure to toxic AFB 1 .…”

Section: Monitoring Of Food Process Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of microorganism‐derived cyclic peptides: Bioactive functions and food safety applications

Luo

Liu

et al. 2022

Cyclic peptides possess advanced structural characteristics of stability and play a vital role in medical treatment and agriculture. However, the biological functions of microorganism-derived cyclic peptides (MDCPs) and their applications in food industry were relatively absent. MDCPs are derived from extensive fermented food or soil. In this review, the synthesis approaches and structural characteristics are overviewed, while the interrelationship between bioactivities and functions is emphasized. This review summarizes the bioactivities of MDCPs from in vitro to in vivo, including antimicrobial activities, immune regulation, and antiviral cell activation. Their multiple functions as well as applications during food product processing, packaging, and storage are also comprehensively reviewed. Remarkably, some potential risks and cytotoxicity of MDCPs are also critically discussed. Moreover, future applications of MDCPs in the development of novel food additives and bioengineering materials are organized. Based on this review of native MDCPs, it is noteworthy that expected improvements of synthetic cyclic peptides in bioactive properties present potential valuable applications in future food, including artificial meat.

“…Mimotopes could be labeled with biotin or compound probes to enhance the simplicity and sensitivity of the detection methods. Mukhtar et al selected a mimic peptide from Ph.D.-C7C and biotinylated by chemical synthesis. The developed biotinylated peptide-based immunoassay showed improvement on sensitivity of approximately 60-fold in comparison to that of phage-based ELISA.…”

Section: Preparation and Functionalization Of Mimotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimotope-Based Immunoassays for the Rapid Analysis of Mycotoxin: A Review

Huang

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

Mycotoxins are toxic contaminants in foods and feeds that are naturally occurring and largely unavoidable. Determining their contents in these products is essential to protect humans from harm. Immunoassays of mycotoxins have been well-established because they are fast, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective. However, a major limitation of immunoassays is the requirement of toxic mycotoxins as competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers. Mimotopes are peptides or proteins that can specifically bind to antibodies and compete with analytes for binding sites by mimicking antigenic epitopes. They can be employed as substitutes for competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers to avoid use of mycotoxins. This review summarizes the production and functionalization of the two main kinds of mimotopes, mimic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2), and their applications in rapid analysis of mycotoxins.