Cyclical etidronate versus sodium fluoride in established postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized 3 year trial

Cationic and Anionic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite

“…Moreover fluoride is considered as an important therapeutic agent in the osteoporosis treatment [348] and has been widely and successfully employed for this application [349][350][351][352][353][354].…”

Synthesis and solubility of calcium fluoride/hydroxy-fluorapatite nanocrystals for dental applications

“…It has been suggested that intaking fluoride of about 1.5-4 mg/day significantly reduces the risk of dental caries [10]. Owing to the fact that fluoride is well known for caries prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, FAp has been widely investigated [6,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Metabolic bone disease in patients with liver disease

“…In addition to increasing bone density and decreasing the fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, bisphosphonates are the first medications showing effectiveness against steroid-induced osteoporosis. Etidronate at a dosage of 400 mg/d has been shown to prevent bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, including those on prednisolone [47,48], although it does not increase bone density or affect fracture incidence [8]. In a head-to-head trial, alendronate, but not etidronate, was found to increase bone mass in women with primary biliary cirrhosis [49].…”

“…Parathyroid hormone has shown promise in reducing fracture rates in the general population, but studies in patients with liver disease are lacking [50]. Sodium fluoride given to women with primary biliary cirrhosis results in increased bone density after 2 years of treatment, but it is associated with significant side effects and toxicity [48,51]. Vitamin K seems to have a small effect on bone density in women with primary biliary cirrhosis, but larger trials are needed for confirmation.…”