Cyclodextrins: Structural, Chemical, and Physical Properties, and Applications

Abstract

Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. In this review, we explore the structural and chemical properties of cyclodextrins that give rise to this encapsulation (i.e., the formation of inclusion complexes) ability. This review is unique from others written on this subject because it provides powerful insights into factors that affect cyclodextrin encapsulation. It also examines these insights in great detail. Later, we provide an overview of some industrial applications of cyclodextrins, while emphasizing the role of encapsulation in these applications. We strongly believe that cyclodextrins will continue to garner interest from scientists for many years to come, and that novel applications of cyclodextrins have yet to be discovered.

Effect of Cyclodextrins on the Biofilm Formation Capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

“…Although RAMEB was also found to be more effective than native BCD, the effect of these cyclodextrins was much smaller than that of ACD and its derivatives. This may be related to the cavity size [ 67 ]; presumably, the ACD with its smaller cavity size is able to form more stable complex with the acyl chain of the signals.…”

“…The highest efficacy was achieved with RAMEB, which could be associated with the fact that the randomly methylated derivatives had better water solubility [ 67 ]. The biological activity of cyclodextrins may also be affected by their aggregation behavior [ 68 ].…”

Host–guest inclusion complexes of hydroxytyrosol with cyclodextrins: Development of a potential functional ingredient for food application

“…These results could be explained by the tendency of CDs to form aggregates and the extent of aggregation may increase with increasing CD concentration. Studies have shown that more CD aggregation equals less binding, especially regarding small molecules like HT (Poulson et al, 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first time that the encapsulation of HT into α‐CD is reported.…”

Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes with Antibiotics and Antibacterial Agents as Drug-Delivery Systems—A Pharmaceutical Perspective

“…API:CD ratio could be either determined in the cited study or taken for granted by the authors from previous reports and thus not determined again. 4 Preparation: if there is no simple name for the method of preparation, the reader is referred to the experimental part of the cited paper for details. Stability constant-there are many different methods to determine this value, as summarised in [63], and therefore it is sometimes difficult to compare results obtained with different techniques.…”