Cyclone and monsoonal wave characteristics of northwestern Bay of Bengal: long-term observations and modeling

Patra, Sisir Kumar; Mishra, Pravakar; Mohanty, Pratap Kumar; Pradhan, Umakanta; Panda, Uma Sankar; Murthy, M.V. Ramana; Kumar, V. Sanil; Nair, T. M. Balakrishnan

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2233-0

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Earlier studies indicate that the waves in the northwestern BoB consist of wind‐seas and swells with the predominance of swells (Sanil Kumar et al, ; Patra et al, ). In most of these studies, integrated wave parameters of the spectrum are considered (Sanil Kumar et al, ; Suresh et al, ; Patra et al, ). In the case of unimodal seas, the bulk wave parameters give a good indication on wave characteristics, but in more complex situations like the simultaneous existence of wind‐seas and one or more swells, using only integrated parameters is often insufficient and misleading (Sanil Kumar et al, ; Portilla‐Yandún et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observational wave data in the BoB are sparse. Only few wave buoy records exist, and these are intermittent (Sanil Kumar et al, , ; Suresh et al, ; Johnson et al, ; Amrutha et al, ; Patra et al, ). Sanil Kumar et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observational wave data in the BoB are sparse. Only few wave buoy records exist, and these are intermittent (Sanil Kumar et al, 2001Suresh et al, 2010;Johnson et al, 2013;Amrutha et al, 2014;Patra et al, 2016). Sanil reported that the seasonal average value of significant wave height (SWH) varied from 0.8 m in the northeast (NE) monsoon season (ONDJ) to 1.3 m in the southwest (SW) monsoon season (JJAS) along the northwestern BoB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies indicate that the waves in the northwestern BoB consist of wind-seas and swells with the predominance of swells Patra et al, 2016). In most of these studies, integrated wave parameters of the spectrum are considered (Sanil Kumar et al, 2001;Suresh et al, 2010;Patra et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of locally and remotely generated surface gravity waves in the inner‐shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal

Nair

Kumar

Amrutha

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this article, we studied the characteristics of locally and remotely generated wind waves in the inner‐shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal (BoB) based on the measured wave data. Two well‐differentiated wave systems, one young sea from the east‐southeast and another more developed swell from the south lead to bimodality in the wave spectrum. Wind‐sea predominance is not observed in the monthly average wave spectrum and in all the months swells dominated indicating a swell‐driven wave regime. During the monsoon (JJAS), the wave climate is dominated by long‐period swell from the south‐southeast and the short fetch during the northeast monsoon (ONDJ) leads to weaker easterly swells, while the effects of the sea/land breeze influence on the wave generation are more relevant during this season. During November–April, diurnal variation of 0.15 m in significant wave height (SWH) is observed. The study based on seasonally averaged ERA‐Interim reanalysis data reveals a weak connection between the waves in the northwestern BoB and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. The waves are influenced by ENSO events during June–September and by IOD events during October–January, which consequently caused inter‐annual variations in monthly average SWH. The present study, however, did not show a significant inter‐annual variability in annual mean SWH during 1979–2015.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of locally and remotely generated surface gravity waves in the inner‐shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal

Nair

Kumar

Amrutha

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…SE throughout the year. This phenomenon is ubiquitous along the east coast of India 17 ; the beaches are depositional during NE monsoon and erosional during SW monsoon season 4,18,19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Nearshore Wave Characteristics off Cuddalore, Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

et al. 2017

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Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

Naseef

Kumar

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, the wind and the surface waves in the Indian Ocean (IO) during 1979–2017 are studied based on the ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis data. Long‐term statistical analysis of extreme waves is carried out based on Generalized Extreme Value distribution using annual maxima and the spatial distribution of return levels for 50 and 100 years are studied. In general, the ERA5 significant wave height (Hs) and maximum wave height (Hmax) show a good agreement with measured buoy data in the coastal (bias ~0.29 m) and deep waters (bias ~0.18 m). During the tropical cyclone, underestimation of Hs and Hmax in the ERA5 data compared to buoy data is 2.7 and 1.4%, but in general the bias is large (~0.69 m). Swell domination is observed in larger regions of the IO, whereas wind‐seas are comparable to swells in the Southern Ocean. The meridional wind speed largely influences the spatial pattern of Hs in the North IO. The stronger winds over the Southern Ocean play a major role in generating higher waves at higher latitudes. Maximum value of the 100‐year return level for Hs in IO is 17.8 m, whereas highest value of the Hs is 16.7 m and Hmax is 32.0 m. Severe wave events are common at 50°–60°S and only during 25% of the time in a year, Hmax is less than 5 m in this region. Ratio of the Hmax to Hs varies from 1.46 to 2.3 with a mean value of 1.87. The 100‐year return value of Hs changed by −4 to 5 m, when the length of the dataset is decreased from 39 years (1979–2017) to recent 20 years. On an average, from 1979 to 2017, the annual average Hmax increased by 0.73 cm/year. In major areas of the IO, a clear decrease of the Hs is observed during 1991–2017, whereas during 1979–2017, an increase in Hs is found.

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Cyclone and monsoonal wave characteristics of northwestern Bay of Bengal: long-term observations and modeling

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Features of locally and remotely generated surface gravity waves in the inner‐shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal

Features of locally and remotely generated surface gravity waves in the inner‐shelf region of northwestern Bay of Bengal

Seasonal Variation in Nearshore Wave Characteristics off Cuddalore, Southeast Coast of Tamil Nadu, India

Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

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