Cyphos IL 104 assisted extraction of indium and recycling of indium, tin and zinc from discarded LCD screen

Recent Studies on Ionic Liquids in Metal Recovery from E-Waste and Secondary Sources by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Electrodeposition: a Review

“…As two major challenges in using ILs on an industrial scale, rising temperatures impose additional costs on industries, Also, the addition of organic diluents causes environmental problems. Experiments have shown that cheap diluents are sometimes used to make the process more economical, but environmental problems are still not solved in this way (Dhiman and Gupta 2019;Dhiman and Gupta 2020). In research, a mixture of two ILs has sometimes been used to reduce the viscosity.…”

“…One of the common problems with ILs is their high viscosity too (Ali Eftekhari et al 2018;Zante et al 2020). Therefore, it has been observed that, when ILs are used as extractants, diluents are also used along with ILs to solve the problem of high viscosity (Dhiman and Gupta 2020). Sometimes ILs with low viscosity are used to solve the problem of high viscosity and sometimes a mixture of two ILs can be used to reduce the viscosity, but their mixture may not show a synergistic effect and have a negative effect on the extraction efficiency (Łukomska et al 2020a, b;Micheau et al 2020;Vereycken et al 2020).…”

Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Indium(III) from the HCl Medium by Ionic Liquid A327H+Cl− and Its Use in a Supported Liquid Membrane System

“…− [20]), or chloride-rich deep eutectic solvents [21]; in all the above cases, the extraction efficiencies of the different extractants were high, i.e., exceeding 95%, though the experimental conditions vary from one investigation to another, i.e., pH 2 [13] against a medium rich in HCl [15,19], a type of an acidic medium, i.e., HCl [16] against sulphuric acid [20], and varying extractant concentrations [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Ionic liquids are a group of chemicals, which are considered of interest in the field of liquid-liquid extraction due to the ability to react with metal compounds [22][23][24][25], and also due to their properties, such as low melting point, nonflammability, high thermal stability, and low vapor pressure; due to their non-volatile nature, they are called "green solvents", though there are voices claiming about their harmfulness and the toxicity associated with some of their components.…”

“…Hydrometallurgical recovery of indium from a material containing it requires some steps: the first is to leach the solid product, and in the case of indium, as expected, mineral acids and aqua regia is the media to dissolve the element [3,4], though incursions in the use of bioleaching [5] and deep eutectic solvents [6] are also known. Once dissolved, the approaches to recover the metal include ion exchange [7], precipitation [8], membranes [9,10], counter-current foam separation [11], electrowinning [12], cementation [4], but the main interest seemed to be in the use of solvent extraction using conventional extractants, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives [13], D2EHPA [14], TBP (tributyl phosphate [15], methylimino-dioctylacetamide (MIDOA) [16], ionic liquids (Cyphos IL101 and Aliquat 336 [17], Cyphos IL104 [18], A324H + Cl − [19], PJMTH + HSO 4…”

Particle Image Velocimetry Method for Prediction Hydrodynamic Conditions during Leaching Process on the Basis of Sn–NaOH System

“…Metallic scrap most frequently comprises a few precious metals; therefore, methods for their recovery are of a many-stage and selective nature. Methods of preliminary separation are used in hydrometallurgical metal recovery processes, as well as enrichment, leaching, resolution, and then separation [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Leaching is a stage effectively limiting the process of metals recovering from secondary materials, which is carried out in batch or flow reactors.…”