Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 causing mass mortality in goldfish: applying electron microscopy to histological samples for diagnostic virology

Lovy, Jan; Friend, Sarah

doi:10.3354/dao02698

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Cyprinivirus genus contains four species: three of them, cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), are associated with common carp or goldfish, while one of them, anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV1), is associated with freshwater eels [127,128]. Cyprinid herpesviruses have been reported to cause serious mortality in common carp and crucian carp [129]. CyHV-1 is the cause of carp pox, CyHV-3 is fatal in carp and koi fish, and CyHV-2 is the etiological agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease in common carp, goldfish, crucian carp, and gibel carp [130].…”

Section: Herpesvirus Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Zhang

Gui

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

172

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Over the last 30 years, aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world, but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses. During the last decade, a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified, and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized. These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts. Here, based on our research experience of more than 20 years, we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses, including iridoviruses, herpesviruses, reoviruses, and rhabdoviruses, and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus-host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.

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Section: Herpesvirus Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Zhang

Gui

2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

172

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“…In June 2013, a major fish kill of adult goldfish occurred in Runnemede Lake, NJ, USA: an estimated 3000− 5000 fish died within ~5 d, and the etiological agent was confirmed as CyHV-2 (Lovy & Friend 2014). Moreover, other recent studies have reported that mass mortalities caused by CyHV-2 infection occurred in Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in China (Wang et al 2012, Xu et al 2013) and the Czech Republic (Daněk et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of experimentally induced infections of goldfish Carassius auratus with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) at various water temperatures

Ito

Maeno²

2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In this study, we examined the influence of water temperature on the development of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (HVHN) in goldfish Carassius auratus after experimentally induced infection with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). In Expt 1, Ryukin goldfish were infected with CyHV-2 by intraperitoneal injection and maintained at 4 different water temperatures. Cumulative mortalities of the 15, 20, 25 and 30°C groups were 10, 90, 90 and 60%, respectively. Therefore, the temperature range of 20-25°C is considered highly permissive for HVHN. One of 6 surviving fish of the 15°C group died after a rapid temperature increase to 25°C at 30 d post infection. All 3 Edonishiki goldfish, co-reared with the surviving Ryukin in tanks where the water temperature was increased from 15 to 25°C, died. In Expt 2, Edonishiki goldfish were exposed to CyHV-2 by bath immersion at 13 or 24°C, resulting in cumulative mortalities of 0 and 87%, respectively, at 28 d post-exposure. No mortality of the surviving Edonishiki in the 13°C treatment was observed when the water temperature was increased to 24°C. In addition, in Expt 2, no mortality was observed in any Ranchu co-reared with CyHV-2-immersed Edonishiki in the group where water temperature was increased from 13 to 24°C, even after re-immersion challenge with CyHV-2. It is interesting to note that CyHV-2 DNA was detected in the kidneys of 4 of the 5 surviving Ranchu co-reared with the CyHV-2-immersed Edonishiki group where the water temperature was increased from 13 to 24°C. Therefore, it is likely that the surviving Edonishiki of the 13°C group were virus carriers. This study indicates that most fish infected with CyHV-2 at 13-15°C acquire resistance to HVHN, but as carriers they are able to infect naïve fish.

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“…According to NJDFW diagnostic records, between 2007 and 2012, five documented cases of motile aeromonad septicaemia in various fish species in ponds and lakes within the state all occurred between April and May. Other mortality events in the spring may also be related to heavy infections with endemic parasites (Herman, ) and viral diseases (Lovy & Friend, ). Primary environmental factors that trigger these kills may be varied, although in the spring they are likely associated with abrupt warming of water temperature, poor body condition following overwintering and possibly other water quality factors such as pollution (Austin, ), which may all act to suppress the host immune system and make fish more susceptible to endemic infectious agents (Herman, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bacterium with close genetic identity to Pseudomonas mandelii associated with spring fish kills in wild bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque and pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus)

Lovy¹,

Dicarlo-Emery

Hutcheson³

2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pseudomonas fluorescens are known bacterial pathogens in fish. The P. fluorescens group contains at least nine different bacterial species, although species from fish have rarely been differentiated. Two isolated fish kills affecting wild bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus), occurred in the spring of 2015 during cool water temperatures (12.5°C-15.5°C). Disease signs included severe bacteraemia with rare gross external signs. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from kidneys of all affected fish were identified as P. fluorescens using the API 20NE system, while no bacteria were isolated from asymptomatic fish. To further identify the species of bacterium within the P. fluorescens complex, genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA, rpoD and gyrB genes was conducted. DNA sequences of bacterial isolates from both mortality events were identical and had close identity (≥99.7%) to Pseudomonas mandelii. Although likely widespread in the aquatic environment, this is the first report of a bacterium closely resembling P. mandelii infecting and causing disease in fish. The bacterium grew at temperatures between 5°C and 30°C, but not at 37°C. It is possible that infections in fish were a result of immunosuppression associated with spring conditions combined with the psychrotrophic nature of the bacterium.

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Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 causing mass mortality in goldfish: applying electron microscopy to histological samples for diagnostic virology

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Virus genomes and virus-host interactions in aquaculture animals

Effects of experimentally induced infections of goldfish Carassius auratus with cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) at various water temperatures

A bacterium with close genetic identity to Pseudomonas mandelii associated with spring fish kills in wild bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque and pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus)

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