Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

Boutier, Maxime; Ronsmans, Maygane; Rakus, Krzysztof; Jazowiecka-Rakus, Joanna; Vancsok, Catherine; Morvan, Léa; Peñaranda, Ma. Michelle D.; Stone, David M.; Way, K.; Beurden, Steven J. van; Davison, Andrew J.; Vanderplasschen, Alain

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2015.03.001

Cited by 54 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(478 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, in the case of CyHV-3 an additional method was used based on RT-PCR primers spanning the exon one and exon two junction of the CyHV-3 terminase gene (Yuasa et al, 2012). In addition, mRNA expression of ORF71 which encoded putative helicase-primase subunit and function in DNA replication (Boutier et al, 2015) was also detected for CyHV-3 (data not shown). This allowed us to confirm that a transcription of CyHV-3 mRNA was present in the ZF4 and SJD.1 cells after CyHV-3 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Rakus

Adamek

Mojzesz

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used in different areas of biological research including studies of immune response and host–pathogen interactions. Thanks to many biological tools available, zebrafish becomes also an important model in aquaculture research since several fish viral infection models have been developed for zebrafish. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish to study infections with fish viruses that have not yet been tested on this model organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that chum salmon reovirus (CSV; aquareovirus A) and two alloherpesviruses cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV‐1) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) are able to replicate in zebrafish cell lines ZF4 and SJD.1. Moreover, CSV induced a clear cytopathic effect and up‐regulated the expression of antiviral genes vig‐1 and mxa in both cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrated that both CSV and CyHV‐3 induce up‐regulation of vig‐1 and mxa expression in kidney and spleen of adult zebrafish after infection by i.p. injection but not in larvae after infection by immersion. CyHV‐3 is eliminated quickly from fish; therefore, virus clearing process could be evaluated, and in CSV‐infected fish, a prolonged confrontation of the host with the pathogen could be studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several cell lines were tested for CyHV-3 replication, and a clear CPE effect was observed mostly in cell lines derived from common carp (Boutier et al, 2015). The ability of CyHV-1 and CyHV-3 to replicate in zebrafish cell lines has not been described before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Rakus

Adamek

Mojzesz

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Viruses in the Alloherpesviridae family (order Herpesvirales) cause a variety of diseases in amphibians and teleost fish, often with severe economic consequences (Boutier et al, 2015;Hanson et al, 2011). Within the Alloherpesviridae family is the genus Salmonivirus, which currently contains five viruses: Salmonid Herpesvirus-1 (Herpesvirus the early 1980s, EEDV led to the demise of over 15 million hatcheryreared juvenile lake trout (Bradley et al, 1988(Bradley et al, , 1989McAllister and Herman, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection and quantification of epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (salmonid herpesvirus-3)

Zhang

Shavalier

Standish

et al. 2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (EEDV; Salmonid Herpesvirus-3) causes a serious disease hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), threatening restoration efforts of this species in North America. The current inability to replicate EEDV in vitro necessitates the search for a reproducible, sensitive, and specific assay that allows for its detection and quantitation in a time-and cost-effective manner. Herein, we describe a loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that was developed for the quantitative detection of EEDV in infected fish tissues. The newly developed LAMP reaction was optimized in the presence of calcein, and the best results were produced using 2 mM MgCl 2 , 1.8 mM dNTPs and at an incubation temperature of 67.1°C. This method was highly specific to EEDV, as it showed no cross-reactivity with several fish viruses, including Salmonid Herpesvirus -1 , -2, -4, and -5, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Spring Viremia of Carp Virus, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus, Golden Shiner Reovirus, Fathead Minnow Nidovirus, and Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus. The analytical sensitivity of the EEDV-LAMP method was estimated to be as low as 16 copies of plasmid per reaction. When infected fish tissue was used, a positive reaction could be obtained when an infected gill tissue sample that contained 430 viral copies/μg was diluted up to five orders of magnitude. The sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed LAMP assay compared to the SYBR Green qPCR assay were 84.3% and 93.3%, respectively. The quantitative LAMP for EEDV had a correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.980), and did not differ significantly from the SYBR Green quantitative PCR assay (p > 0.05). Given its cost-and time-effectiveness, this quantitative LAMP assay is suitable for screening lake trout populations and for the initial diagnosis of clinical cases.

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“…Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the aetiological agent of koi herpes virus disease (KHVD) in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and koi (Bretziner et al 1999, Walster 1999, Hedrick et al 2000, Perelberg et al 2003, Ilouze et al 2006, Boutier et al 2015. The disease is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE 2015a) and reportable to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic validation of three test methods for detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3)

Clouthier

McClure²,

Schroeder³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease in koi and common carp. The disease is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Three tests -quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), conventional PCR (cPCR) and virus isolation by cell culture (VI) -were validated to assess their fitness as diagnostic tools for detection of CyHV-3. Test performance metrics of diagnostic accuracy were sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp). Repeatability and reproducibility were measured to assess diagnostic precision. Estimates of test accuracy, in the absence of a gold standard reference test, were generated using latent class models. Test samples originated from wild common carp naturally exposed to CyHV-3 or domesticated koi either virus free or experimentally infected with the virus. Three laboratories in Canada participated in the precision study. Moderate to high repeatability (81 to 99%) and reproducibility (72 to 97%) were observed for the qPCR and cPCR tests. The lack of agreement observed between some of the PCR test pair results was attributed to cross-contamination of samples with CyHV-3 nucleic acid. Accuracy estimates for the PCR tests were 99% for DSe and 93% for DSp. Poor precision was observed for the VI test (4 to 95%). Accuracy estimates for VI/qPCR were 90% for DSe and 88% for DSp. Collectively, the results show that the CyHV-3 qPCR test is a suitable tool for surveillance, presumptive diagnosis and certification of individuals or populations as CyHV-3 free.KEY WORDS: CyHV-3 · Diagnostic validation · Precision · Accuracy · Quantitative PCR · Virus isolation Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 123: 2017 ment on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.An effective CyHV-3 diagnostic assay should detect the virus in diseased fish as well as in asymptomatic carriers of the virus with latent or persistent infections. Three diagnostic assays were evaluated for their performance characteristics in this study: a modified conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) assay targeting the CyHV-3 thymidine kinase gene (cTK;Bercovier et al. 2005), a modified quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting CyHV-3 open reading frame 89 (ORF89) (qORF89; Gilad et al. 2004) and virus isolation by culture on common carp brain (CCB) cells (VI;Neukirch et al. 1999). The unmodified cTK and qORF89 tests have been evaluated in inter-laboratory ring studies (Way 2008) and intralaboratory comparisons (Bergmann et al. 2010, Monaghan et al. 2015a). The qPCR test displayed high analytical specificity (ASp), detecting all known CyHV-3 isolates but not related virus species such as CyHV-1 or CyHV-2 (Gilad et al. 2004, Bergmann et al. 2010. It is currently the most commonly used diag nostic test for CyHV-3 and may prove to be suitable for use in surveillance programs to declare healthy populations of susceptible fish free of the virus (OIE 2015c). The cTK test is one of the PCR assays recommended by the OIE fo...

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Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3

Cited by 54 publications

References 220 publications

Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection and quantification of epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (salmonid herpesvirus-3)

Diagnostic validation of three test methods for detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3)

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