2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54435-0
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Cytokine/chemokine profiles in squamous cell carcinoma correlate with precancerous and cancerous disease stage

Abstract: Actinic Keratosis (AK), Intraepidermal Carcinoma (IEC), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) are generally considered to be advancing stages of the same disease spectrum. However, while AK often regress spontaneously, and IEC often regress in response to immune-activating treatments, SCC typically do not regress. Therefore, it is vital to define whether fundamental immunological changes occur during progression to SCC. Here we show that proinflammatory cytokine expression, chemokine expression, and immune cell in… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(15 citation statements)
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References 32 publications
(35 reference statements)
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“…Recently, we conducted a study of the cytokine and chemokine environment within advancing stages of the SCC disease spectrum in patients [ 7 ]. Samples taken from Actinic Keratosis, considered to be a premalignant or precancerous form of SCC associated with a high rate of spontaneous regression, indicated significant increases in several proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IFN-α, IL-12p70) when compared to photodamaged skin at the protein level.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Recently, we conducted a study of the cytokine and chemokine environment within advancing stages of the SCC disease spectrum in patients [ 7 ]. Samples taken from Actinic Keratosis, considered to be a premalignant or precancerous form of SCC associated with a high rate of spontaneous regression, indicated significant increases in several proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IFN-α, IL-12p70) when compared to photodamaged skin at the protein level.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our data indicate, however, that antibody-treated mice did show reduced CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5 chemokine production within the tumour mass, and a corresponding reduction in the number of tumour-infiltrating T cells. The CXCR3-ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 all increase in abundance with advancing SCC disease stage in humans [ 7 ]. In our model, mice treated with an antibody to block the binding of CXCL10 and CXCL11 to CXCR3 (but not the binding of CXCL9 to CXCR3 [ 29 ]) were unable to control the growth of established tumours.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Induction of cytokines both preceding and during CPI treatment might enable the identification of biomarkers that assist in advancing clinical monitoring for the development and severity of irAEswhich remains a significant challenge because of their precipitous and variable onset. However, multiple factors such as the location and severity of irAEs, the type of therapeutic response and CPI exposure, as well as the tumor type and metastatic burden, should all be considered when assessing the cytokine response in the development of irAEs [11,12,19,20]. Serial testing of cytokines to establish their dynamic range during CPI treatment may help to unravel their association with irAEs and define possible therapeutic avenues to mitigate immunotoxicity.…”
Section: Glossarymentioning
confidence: 99%