Cytokine immunoreactivity in plasma does not change after moderate endurance exercise

Smith, John A.; Telford, Richard D.; Baker, Marshall S.; Hapel, A. J.; Weidemann, Maurice J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1396

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…These results suggest that elevations in CRP following exercise may not be solely due to muscle damage. Supporting this would be the findings of Smith et al 43 In this study, CRP was significantly (p < 0.04) elevated in 75% of active-untrained subjects, 24 hours after performing 60 minutes of cycling at only 60% of maximal oxygen uptake. Similarly, Meyer et al 26 reported a significant (p = 0.02) increase in CRP 24 hours after 12 trained males performed an anaerobic cycle ergometer test.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Exercise On Crpsupporting

confidence: 78%

C-reactive protein - biological functions, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise

Semple¹

2006

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant that increases in response to noxious stimuli that inevitably induce cellular and/or tissue injury. The increased synthesis of CRP occurs predominantly in the liver and peaks 24 - 48 hours after the inciting stimulus. CRP forms an integral component of innate immunity and serves primarily to recognise potential pathogens and damaged cells. It facilitates the removal of these cells through opsonisation and activates the complement system. With increasing evidence supporting the classification of artherosclerosis as inflammatory in nature, CRP has received considerable attention as a marker, and in some cases a contributor towards this cardiovascular disease. Traditionally, CRP has been measured within exercise studies to provide evidence that an acute-phase inflammatory response can or has been initiated. Although the elevation in CRP following exercise has largely been attributed to muscle damage, evidence is mounting to contest this premise. Participation in chronic exercise has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have now shown an inverse relationship between physical activity levels and resting concentrations of CRP. Thus, exercise may prove beneficial in lowering systemic inflammatory markers such as CRP, and consequently contribute towards preventing the progression of inflammatory disorders. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (1) 2006: pp. 24-28

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Section: Effects Of Acute Exercise On Crpsupporting

confidence: 78%

C-reactive protein - biological functions, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise

Semple¹

2006

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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“…Moreover, blood levels of TNF and IF are not changed by moderate exercise (Haahr et al 1991;Smith et al 1992;Pedersen et al 1994). In the present study, the plasma levels of IL-1 and TNF were not affected immediately after the marathon race, suggesting that the monocytes and macrophages were not activated by the exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Some aspects of the acute phase response after a marathon race, and the effects of glutamine supplementation

Castell

Poortmans

Leclercq

et al. 1996

European Journal of Applied Physiology

209

137

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Strenuous exercise may be associated with immune suppression. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. A decrease in the plasma level of glutamine, which is utilised at a high rate by cells of the immune system, and an increase in the plasma level of some cytokines may impair immune functions such as lymphocyte proliferation after prolonged, exhaustive exercise. In two separate studies of the Brussels marathon, using similar protocols, the time course of the changes in the plasma concentrations of some amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, alanine, tryptophan and branched chain amino acids), acute phase proteins and cytokines (interleukins IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor type a) was measured in male athletes. The numbers of circulating leucocytes and lymphocytes were also measured. Amino acid and cytokine concentrations have not previously been measured concomitantly in marathon runners; the measurement of some of these parameters the morning after the marathon (16 h) is novel. Another novel feature is the provision of glutamine versus placebo to marathon runners participating in the second study. In both studies the plasma concentrations of glutamine, alanine and branched chain amino acids were decreased immediately after and 1 h after the marathon. Plasma concentrations of all amino acids returned to pre-exercise levels by 16 h after exercise. The plasma concentration of the complement anaphylotoxin C5a increased to abnormal levels after the marathon, presumably due to tissue damage activating the complement system. There was also an increase in plasma C-reactive protein 16 h after the marathon. The plasma levels of IL-1 alpha were unaffected by the exercise, while that of IL-2 was increased 16 h after exercise. Plasma IL-6 was increased markedly (approximately 45-fold) immediately after and at 1 h after exercise. Neopterine, a macrophage activation marker, was significantly increased post-exercise. There was a marked leucocytosis immediately after the marathon, which returned to normal 16 h later. At the same time there was a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, which was further reduced within 1 h to below pre-exercise levels. Glutamine supplementation, as administered in the second study, did not appear to have an effect upon lymphocyte distribution.

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“…The authors Haralmabie (24), Hanson (25) and Weiss (26) As an important serum marker for the activation of the cellular immune system, neopterin was studied more recently by several other investigators (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Rokos (27) studied four male subjects aged 31 to 47 before, during and after 100 min of jogging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

et al. 2002

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Prolonged physical exercise is associated with several immunological changes, e.g. increase in proinflammatory cytokines, changes in the white blood count etc. Great discrepancies exist with regard to the exercise-induced influence on serum immunoglobulin and neopterin values. One explanation could be the shifts in plasma volume (PV) during and after exercise which might influence plasma concentrations of these parameters. Therefore we investigated the consequences of a marathon race in a homogenous group of experienced runners on plasma volume shifts, serum Immunglobulin and neopterin concentrations. Plasma values with and without correction for plasma volume shifts were compared. PV was significantly diminished after the race (-8.4%) followed by a rise 34h after finish (+8.5%). Serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM were increased within the first hours postmarathon and normalized in the recovery period. When chages in PV were considered, only IgA rose significantly. Serum neopterin remained unchanged after the marathon independently whether corrected for PV changes or not. We conclude that the increase in immunoglobulins in our study was mainly the consequence of plasma volume changes. Since neopterin was unchanged we have at least in our study no evidence for exercise-induced activation of the cellular immune system.

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Cytokine immunoreactivity in plasma does not change after moderate endurance exercise

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

C-reactive protein - biological functions, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise

C-reactive protein - biological functions, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise

Some aspects of the acute phase response after a marathon race, and the effects of glutamine supplementation

Neopterin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and Plasma Volume Changes During Long-distance Running

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