Cytokine modulation correlates with severity of monkeypox disease in humans

Johnston, Sara C.; Johnson, Joshua C.; Stonier, Spencer W.; Lin, Kenny L.; Kisalu, Neville K.; Hensley, Lisa E.; Rimoin, Anne W.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.12.001

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This cytokine profile suggests a dominant T helper 2 cell response characterized by higher levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10. Likewise, the reduced levels of IL-2, TNF, IFNα and IFNγ also suggest an anti-inflammatory microenvironment involving regulatory T cells 89 .…”

Section: Immunity To Mpxvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reported cases of human MPXV infection, numerous cytokines are elevated following infection (regardless of disease severity) — these include IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, CCL2 and CCL5 89 . However, in patients with serious disease (defined as having >250 lesions), concentrations of IL-2R, IL-10, GM-CSF and CCL5 were higher compared with those in patients with less severe disease, whereas the concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-6 was lower 89 . This cytokine profile suggests a dominant T helper 2 cell response characterized by higher levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10.…”

Section: Immunity To Mpxvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions

et al. 2022

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which causes disease in humans, has for many years been restricted to the African continent, with only a handful of sporadic cases in other parts of the world. However, unprecedented outbreaks of monkeypox in non-endemic regions have recently taken the world by surprise. In less than 4 months, the number of detected MPXV infections has soared to more than 48,000 cases, recording a total of 13 deaths. In this Review, we discuss the clinical, epidemiological and immunological features of MPXV infections. We also highlight important research questions and new opportunities to tackle the ongoing monkeypox outbreak.

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Section: Immunity To Mpxvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunity To Mpxvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions

et al. 2022

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“…In general, slow- or non-healing wounds arrest at the inflammatory phase. In individuals suffering from MPX who have very high rash burdens (>250 lesions), interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory, has been reported to be markedly elevated [ 32 ]. Yet when murine “full-thickness” wound explants are exposed to very high levels of exogenous, parapoxvirus-encoded IL-10, instead of dampening inflammation (thereby promoting healing, which is consistently observed with lower doses), the opposite occurs [ 33 ].…”

Section: Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Care and Treatment of Monkeypox Patients in Low-Resource Settings: Applying Evidence from Contemporary Biomedical and Smallpox Biodefense Research

Reynolds

McCollum

Nguete

et al. 2017

Viruses

200

211

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Monkeypox is a smallpox-like illness that can be accompanied by a range of significant medical complications. To date there are no standard or optimized guidelines for the clinical management of monkeypox (MPX) patients, particularly in low-resource settings. Consequently, patients can experience protracted illness and poor outcomes. Improving care necessitates developing a better understanding of the range of clinical manifestations—including complications and sequelae—as well as of features of illness that may be predictive of illness severity and poor outcomes. Experimental and natural infection of non-human primates with monkeypox virus can inform the approach to improving patient care, and may suggest options for pharmaceutical intervention. These studies have traditionally been performed to address the threat of smallpox bioterrorism and were designed with the intent of using MPX as a disease surrogate for smallpox. In many cases this necessitated employing high-dose, inhalational or intravenous challenge to recapitulate the severe manifestations of illness seen with smallpox. Overall, these data—and data from biomedical research involving burns, superficial wounds, herpes, eczema vaccinatum, and so forth—suggest that MPX patients could benefit from clinical support to mitigate the consequences of compromised skin and mucosa. This should include prevention and treatment of secondary bacterial infections (and other complications), ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition, and protecting vulnerable anatomical locations such as the eyes and genitals. A standard of care that considers these factors should be developed and assessed in different settings, using clinical metrics specific for MPX alongside consideration of antiviral therapies.

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“…As disease presentation is highly similar during MPXV and VARV infections, it has been postulated that immune responses would likely be highly conserved. Recently, Johnston et al provided the first empirical evidence for a relationship between cytokine responses and disease severity during MPXV infection 65. Serum cytokines were analyzed from Transciptome Analyses in MPXV Infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Global Analyses of Host Molecular Responses with Clinical Data To Evaluate Pathogenesis and Advance Therapies for Emerging and Re-emerging Viral Infections

2016

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Outbreaks associated with emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens continue to increase in frequency and are associated with an increasing burden to global health. In light of this, there is a need to integrate basic and clinical research for investigating the connections between molecular and clinical pathogenesis and for therapeutic development strategies. Here, we will discuss this approach with a focus on the emerging viral pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), and monkeypox virus (MPXV) from the context of clinical presentation, immunological and molecular features of the diseases, and OMICS-based analyses of pathogenesis. Furthermore, we will highlight the role of global investigations of host kinases, the kinome, for investigating emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens from the context of characterizing cellular responses and identifying novel therapeutic targets. Lastly, we will address how increased integration of clinical and basic research will assist treatment and prevention efforts for emerging pathogens.

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Cytokine modulation correlates with severity of monkeypox disease in humans

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions

Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions

Improving the Care and Treatment of Monkeypox Patients in Low-Resource Settings: Applying Evidence from Contemporary Biomedical and Smallpox Biodefense Research

Integration of Global Analyses of Host Molecular Responses with Clinical Data To Evaluate Pathogenesis and Advance Therapies for Emerging and Re-emerging Viral Infections

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