Cytokines are associated with postembolization fever and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Chao, Yee; Wu, Chen‐Yi; Kuo, Chen‐Yu; Wang, Jack; Luo, Jiing‐Chyuan; Kao, Chuen-Der; Lee, Rheun‐Chuan; Lee, Wei-Ping; Li, Chung–Pin

doi:10.1007/s12072-012-9409-9

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most of the treatment-non-naïve patients underwent TACE, and previous studies have demonstrated that serum IL-6 level increases after TACE and is correlated with post-TACE inflammation[13,14]. In these studies, the increase of serum IL-6 level occurred within several days after TACE and was attributed to a protective function of IL-6 against acute liver injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-analyte analysis of cytokines that predict outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

Cha¹,

Lee²,

Seong³

2017

WJG

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AIMTo analyze cytokine levels and to identify their association with outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiotherapy (RT).METHODSPatients with HCC who were treated with RT were eligible for this prospective study. Blood samples were collected before and after RT, and serum cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α were analyzed.RESULTSBetween 2008 and 2009, 51 patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline IL-6 level was high in patients with a history of pre-RT treatment. Median survival was 13.9 mo with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a significant factor (P = 0.020). Median failure-free survival (FFS) for infield, outfield-intrahepatic and extrahepatic failures were 23.3, 11.5 and 12.0 mo, respectively. Sex and baseline IL-6 level were associated with infield FFS, and baseline IL-10 level was correlated with outfield-intrahepatic FFS. For extrahepatic FFS, AFP was significant (P = 0.034). Patients with a baseline IL-6 level of ≥ 9.7 pg/mL showed worse infield FFS (P = 0.005), and this significance was observed only in treatment-non-naïve patients (P = 0.022).CONCLUSIONIn addition to AFP, cytokines seem useful in predicting infield and outfield-intrahepatic failure. Serum cytokines could be useful biomarkers for predicting RT outcome in HCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-analyte analysis of cytokines that predict outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

Cha¹,

Lee²,

Seong³

2017

WJG

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“…Several reasons could have contributed to the heterogeneity, including the constituent ratio of patients’ age, detection method, and a diverse source of samples in each study. For example, samples in two articles were from urine [16, 20], three from plasma/serum [10, 13, 17], and seven from tumor tissue [11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21]. Secondly, there were variable definitions of the cut-off value among these publications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether TGF-β1 expression has the potential to predict HCC prognosis is inconsistent. For example, some articles reported that HCC patients with high TGF-β1 expression showed shorter OS and DFS/PFS [10–12], while some other studies revealed negative findings on OS [13, 14]. There is a need to implement meta-analysis and larger sample evaluation, aiming to systematically elaborate on the prognostic power of TGF-β1 expression in HCC patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High TGF-β1 expression predicts poor disease prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Peng¹,

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) promotes the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the associations between TGF-β1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as the prognostic power of TGF-β1 expression. Eligible studies were retrieved from several databases, and effects (hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled to assess the prognostic ability of TGF-β1 expression in HCC patients. Twelve qualified articles and our TCGA data comprising 2,021 HCC patients were incorporated. In the TCGA analysis, HCC patients with higher TGF-β1 expression presented a shorter OS than those with lower TGF-β1 expression (HR = 1.42, p < 0.05). In the meta-analysis, univariate analyses showed that HCC patients with higher TGF-β1 expression had a shorter OS (pooling HR = 1.71, p < 0.01) and DFS/RFS/MFS/PFS (pooling HR = 1.60, p < 0.01) than those with lower TGF-β1 expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that high TGF-β1 expression promotes a poor prognosis in HCC patients.

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“…A key question is whether the ischemic damage imposed by TACE may facilitate priming to a broad range of previously inaccessible neoepitopes and exert synergistic antitumor effects with immunotherapy. TACE plays a role in activating a hypoxic response, promoting the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other proangiogenic cytokines . Evidence suggests that PD‐L1 expression is transcriptionally regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1α), which strengthens the rationale of combining TACE with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors.…”

Section: Classes Of the Forerunner Checkpoint Molecules And Their Inhmentioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Flynn¹,

Sayed

Sharma

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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After a decade of stagnation in drug development, therapeutic reversal of immune-exhaustion with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been shown to be effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical development of novel ICPIs continues at a rapid pace, with more than 50 clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents registered as of May 2018 for this indication. The development of ICPI is particularly challenging in patients with HCC, a population with unique features which impact on safety and efficacy of immune-modulating therapies. In this review, we discuss the biological foundations supporting the development of ICPIs across the advancing stages of HCC, focusing on the rational positioning of ICPIs across the various Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of the disease. Translational studies should guide adequate prioritization of those therapeutic agents and combination strategies which are most likely to achieve patient benefit based on solid mechanistic and clinical justifications. (Hepatology 2019;69:2258-2270).T he role of immune evasion as a pivotal mechanism in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been recognized, but has for many decades remained an "undruggable" domain attributed to the lack of effective therapies capable of reversing cancer-related immunosuppression. (1) Clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have ascribed HCC to the expanding list of tumors characterized by intrinsic sensitivity to immunotherapy. In particular, these agents have been proven effective in advanced melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with an increasing number of studies demonstrating response rates of up to 25% across hematological and solid malignancies. However, despite the unprecedented efficacy of ICPIs, patients with HCC represent a population with distinct features. The concomitant presence of cirrhosis in >80% of patients is unique and deserves to be considered for its potential safety impact on the delivery of immunotherapy.In terms of efficacy, the presence of a predominantly immunosuppressive microenvironment within

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Cytokines are associated with postembolization fever and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Abstract: TACE is associated with the modulation of serum angiogenic, inflammatory, and cell growth cytokines in HCC patients. Serum IL-6 correlates with post-TACE fever, and baseline serum VEGF independently predicts patient survival.

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Multi-analyte analysis of cytokines that predict outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

Multi-analyte analysis of cytokines that predict outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy

High TGF-β1 expression predicts poor disease prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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