Cytokines in asthma

Kips, Johan

doi:10.1183/09031936.01.00229601

Cited by 167 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Studies indicate that T cell derived cytokine production rather than eosinophil influx or IgE synthesis is usually related to altered airway behavior [7]. There is an increase in the number of CD4+ Th cells in the airways which are predominantly of the Th2 subtype.…”

Section: Role Of Cytokines In Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Cytokines and their Role in Health and Disease: A Brief Overview

Gulati¹,

Guhathakurta²,

Joshi³

et al. 2016

MOJI

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Cytokines are small, non-structural proteins with low molecular weights which have a complex regulatory influence on inflammation and immunity. It has long been considered that development of immune and inflammatory response involves hematopoietic cells, lymphoid cell, and various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells, and cytokines mediate the complex interactions of these cells. Cytokines are the intercellular messengers in the immune system where they integrate function of several cell types in various body compartments into a coherent immune response. They have evolved over the years and now include the interferons, the interleukins, the chemokine family, mesenchymal growth factors, the tumor necrosis factor family and adipokines. Earlier known as `soluble factors`, cytokines are produced by and elicit a response from every cell, with the lone exception of the red blood cell. In response to various stimulus cytokines are secreted from various cells including white blood cells. Pleiotropism is the hallmark of a cytokine and there are failures and successes of cytokines and related agents as therapeutic agents. In the membrane of target cells they have specific receptors for their signal transduction and regulatory functions. Beyond the innate and adaptive immunity, cytokines has a major role in many diverse functions including immune cell differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurobiology, viral pathogenesis etc. In addition to inflammation, immunity and infections, cytokines have now expanded their domain to atherosclerosis and cancer. Thus, cytokines may be useful biomarkers for health and disease and act as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agents. This review will highlight the impact of cytokines in various physiological actions, pathophysiological states, therapeutics and the complex interactions between brain and immune cells. knowledge has highlighted the complexity and biphasic nature of cytokines -and the same molecule may have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. For example, interferon-γ (IFNγ), which is essential for defense against several intracellular microorganism such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is also a major cytokine in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. IL-2 is needed for the generation of cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) and forms the basis for several vaccines but the same cytokine drives graft versus host disease and limits the success of bone marrow transplantation [5]. Keywords: Cytokine ReceptorsThe cytokines exert various biological effects through receptors present on the membranes of responsive target cells. These receptors have an extracellular domain, a cytoplasmic domain and a single membrane spanning domain. There is the presence of conserved amino acid sequence motifs on the extracellular domain and these motifs include four conserved cysteine residues. There is also the presence of two polypeptide chains. One is the cytokine specific α subunit and other is a signal transducing β subunit.The nature of the target cell ...

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Section: Role Of Cytokines In Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It primarily regulates Th1 cell differentiation while suppressing the expansion of Th2 cells. IFN-γ, a Th1 marker, exerts inhibitory effects on Th2 cell differentiation [7]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and their Role in Health and Disease: A Brief Overview

Gulati¹,

Guhathakurta²,

Joshi³

et al. 2016

MOJI

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“…Selama proses inflamasi bermacam mediator dilepas dan menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan. Sitokin sel Th2 seperti IL-4, IL-13, dan IL-15 mendominasi temuan yang ada pada hasil biopsy dan pemeriksaan sekret dari bronkoalveolar penderita asma (1,2,3). Dibuktikan pula bahwa terjadinya asma pada anak-anak oleh karena timbulnya gangguan keseimbangan antara sel Th1 dan Th2 dengan terjadinya pergeseran kearah sel Th2.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Dibuktikan pula bahwa terjadinya asma pada anak-anak oleh karena timbulnya gangguan keseimbangan antara sel Th1 dan Th2 dengan terjadinya pergeseran kearah sel Th2. Pergeseran pelepasan sitokin dari kedua tipe sel Th tersebut menentukan terjadinya proses inflamasi dan timbulnya asma (2,3,4).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA DERAJAT OBSTRUKSI SERANGAN AKUT ASMA DENGAN KADAR IgE, IFN- DAN IL-4 TOTAL SERUM

Kusuma

Kalim

Riawan

et al. 2013

JKB

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Acute bronchial asthma is a common medical emergency the world over. There now exists compelling evidence of a role for Th2-Th1 paradigm in the pathogenesis of asthma in children. We hypothesized that childhood asthma is associated with the activation of Th2-Th1 lymphocytes whose products regulate at least in part, the expression of IgE, IFN-γ and IL-4 and thereby disease severity. Our aims, therefore were to compare the level of total IgE, total IL-4 and total IFN-γ in serum from asthmatic and non asthmatic control children matched for age and sex, and to attempt to correlate the IgE, IL-4, and IFN-γ total level of serum in the asthmatics children with disease severity. Fifty one children with acute asthma exacerbation were compare with thirty one no asthmatics normal children matched for age and sex. The level of IgE, IL-4, and IFN-γ were measured using Elisa. Asthma severity was assessed by a symptom score and spirometri. The level of IgE and Il-4 in the serum of the asthma were elevated as compared to the non asthmatic normal controls, whereas the IFN-γ was decreased. There was a significant correlation between elevated levels of IgE and IL-4 with the acute asthma exacerbation severity, whereas the decreased level of IFN-γ was not. Conclusions. The increased levels of IgE , IL-4 and the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ play a crucial role in the acute asthma exacerbation severity. PENDAHULUANProses inflamasi saluran nafas mempunyai peran utama dalam patogenesis manifestasi klinis asma. Proses inflamasi ini ditandai oleh gambaran yang karakteristik yaitu adanya destruksi sel epitel, hipertropi otot polos, penebalan membran basal dan infiltrasi oleh sel-sel radang terutama sel eosinofil, sel mast, dan sel limfosit T (1). Selama proses inflamasi bermacam mediator dilepas dan menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan. Sitokin sel Th2 seperti IL-4, IL-13, dan IL-15 mendominasi temuan yang ada pada hasil biopsy dan pemeriksaan sekret dari bronkoalveolar penderita asma (1,2,3). Dibuktikan pula bahwa terjadinya asma pada anak-anak oleh karena timbulnya gangguan keseimbangan antara sel Th1 dan Th2 dengan terjadinya pergeseran kearah sel Th2. Pergeseran pelepasan sitokin dari kedua tipe sel Th tersebut menentukan terjadinya proses inflamasi dan timbulnya asma (2,3,4).Walaupun demikian masih belum banyak diteliti adanya hubungan antara kadar sitokin dengan beratnya derajat obstruksi yang terjadi didalam saluran nafas penderita asma yang sedang mengalami serangan. Ada beberapa penelitian hasil otopsi dari penderita yang meninggal karena status asma menunjukkan adanya proses inflamasi yang konsisten dengan paradigma sel Th2 dan ditemukannya sel eosinofil dan sel limfosit dalam jumlah besar (3).Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari hubungan antara derajat obstruksi serangan akut asma dengan kadar IgE dan sitokin serum penderita asma. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional. Pada hari pertama masuk rumah sakit segera di ukur faal paru, pengambilan darah melalui vena untuk menghitung kadar IgE, IL-4 dan IFN-γ total dalam serum dengan ...

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Macrophages – Balancing Tolerance and Immunity

Stoy

2005

Antigen Presenting Cells

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Cytokines in asthma

Cited by 167 publications

References 113 publications

Cytokines and their Role in Health and Disease: A Brief Overview

Cytokines and their Role in Health and Disease: A Brief Overview

HUBUNGAN ANTARA DERAJAT OBSTRUKSI SERANGAN AKUT ASMA DENGAN KADAR IgE, IFN- DAN IL-4 TOTAL SERUM

Macrophages – Balancing Tolerance and Immunity

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