Cytoskeleton structure and adhesion properties of human stromal precursors under conditions of simulated microgravity

Gershovich, Pavel; Gershovich, J. G.; Буравкова, Л. Б.

doi:10.1134/s1990519x09050046

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Microgravity causes the actin cytoskeleton to rearrange in as little as 30 min. 49 The low-gravity environment causes MSCs to change from having prominent stress fibers to having a more amorphous actin distribution with actin redistributed from the edges to the center of the cells. 49,50 However, by 120 h in microgravity, the cells regain the actin structure of cells not subjected to a microgravity environment.…”

Section: Mechanical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal and Focal Adhesion Influences on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Shape, Mechanical Properties, and Differentiation Down Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Chondrogenic Pathways

Mathieu

Loboa²

2012

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

326

267

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine and tissue-engineering applications. They have multipotent differentiation capabilities and have been shown to differentiate down various lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, and possibly neurons. The majority of approaches to control the MSC fate have been via the use of chemical factors in the form of growth factors within the culture medium. More recently, it has been understood that mechanical forces play a significant role in regulating MSC fate. We and others have shown that mechanical stimuli can control MSC lineage specification. The cytoskeleton is known to play a large role in mechanotransduction, and a growing number of studies are showing that it can also contribute to MSC differentiation. This review analyzes the significant contribution of actin and integrin distribution, and the smaller role of microtubules, in regulating MSC fate. Osteogenic differentiation is more prevalent in MSCs with a stiff, spread actin cytoskeleton and greater numbers of focal adhesions. Both adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation are encouraged when MSCs have a spherical morphology associated with a dispersed actin cytoskeleton with few focal adhesions. Different mechanical stimuli can be implemented to alter these cytoskeletal patterns and encourage MSC differentiation to the desired lineage.

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Section: Mechanical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal and Focal Adhesion Influences on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Shape, Mechanical Properties, and Differentiation Down Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Chondrogenic Pathways

Mathieu

Loboa²

2012

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

326

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, articles reported quite different results on recovery of the actin network. Sometimes recovery was not observed in simulated microgravity, even after up to 7 d (49, 50, 52), while most articles from simulated microgravity studies did report that the network was more or less recovered on a timescale of days (51, 57, 61) or even hours (54, 59).…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Cytoskeletal Changes During Simmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these articles also report a perinuclear distribution of the microtubules. Only one article reports no change in microtubules, although the microtubules have been tracked at various time points from 20 min to 5 d (51). In agreement with the recovery of microtubules observed in real microgravity (38), recovery of microtubules after a few days is reported in ground‐based studies (50, 61, 62).…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Cytoskeletal Changes During Simmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, experiments in simulated microgravity have shown cytoskeletal changes can occur quickly after changes in gravity occur. Many articles reported changes within 30 min of onset of microgravity simulation (51, 54, 55, 59, 61, 62).…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Cytoskeletal Changes During Simmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vinculin, a protein in FAs, appeared clustered at the cell border after 1 h exposure to simulated microgravity in monocytes (57). Perinuclear clustering of this protein is reported after 6 h in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; ref, 51) and reduction in number of clusters after 4 h in MCF-7 cells (50). However, these structures are also mechanoeffectors, and expression levels of involved proteins also have been reported to decrease after 4 h (50).…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of Cytoskeletal Changes During Simmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The role of the cytoskeleton in sensing changes in gravity by nonspecialized cells

et al. 2013

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A large body of evidence indicates that single cells in vitro respond to changes in gravity, and that this response might play an important role for physiological changes at the organism level during spaceflight. Gravity can lead to changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, signaling, and gene expression. At first glance, gravitational forces seem too small to affect bodies with the size of a cell. Thus, the initial response to gravity is both puzzling and important for understanding physiological changes in space. This also offers a unique environment to study the mechanical response of cells. In the past 2 decades, important steps have been made in the field of mechanobiology, and we use these advances to reevaluate the response of single cells to changes in gravity. Recent studies have focused on the cytoskeleton as initial gravity sensor. Thus, we review the observed changes in the cytoskeleton in a microgravity environment, both during spaceflight and in ground-based simulation techniques. We also evaluate to what degree the current experimental evidence supports the cytoskeleton as primary gravity sensor. Finally, we consider how the cytoskeleton itself could be affected by changed gravity. To make the next step toward understanding the response of cells to altered gravity, the challenge will be to track changes quantitatively and on short timescales.

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The ICAM‐1 expression level determines the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to simulated microgravity

Буравкова

Rudimov

Andreeva

et al. 2017

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Microgravity is a principal risk factor hampering human cardiovascular regulation during space flights. Endothelial dysfunction associated with the impaired integrity and uniformity of the monolayer represents a potential trigger for vascular damage. We characterized the expression profile of the multi-step cascade of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, VE-cadherin) in umbilical cord endothelial cells (ECs) after 24 h of exposure to simulated microgravity (SMG), pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and the combination of the two. Random Positioning Machine (RPM)-mediated SMG was used to mimic microgravity effects. SMG stimulated the expression of E-selectin, which is known to be involved in slowing leukocyte rolling. Primary ECs displayed heterogeneity with respect to the proportion of ICAM-1-positive cells. ECs were divided into two groups: pre-activated ECs displaying high proportion of ICAM-1 -cells (ECs-1) (greater than 50%) and non-activated ECs with low proportion of ICAM-1 -cells (ECs-2) (less than 25%). Only non-activated ECs-2 responded to SMG by elevating gene transcription and increasing ICAM-1 and VE-cadherin expression. This effect was enhanced after cumulative SMG-TNF-α exposure. ECs-1 displayed an unexpected decrease in number of E-selectin- and ICAM-1-positive ECs and pronounced up-regulation of VCAM1 upon activation of inflammation, which was partially abolished by SMG. Thus, non-activated ECs-2 are quite resistant to the impacts of microgravity and even exhibited an elevation of the VE-cadherin gene and protein expression, thus improving the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Pre-activation of ECs with inflammatory stimuli may disturb the EC adhesion profile, attenuating its barrier function. These alterations may be among the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular dysregulation in real microgravity conditions.

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Cytoskeleton structure and adhesion properties of human stromal precursors under conditions of simulated microgravity

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Cytoskeletal and Focal Adhesion Influences on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Shape, Mechanical Properties, and Differentiation Down Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Chondrogenic Pathways

Cytoskeletal and Focal Adhesion Influences on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Shape, Mechanical Properties, and Differentiation Down Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Chondrogenic Pathways

The role of the cytoskeleton in sensing changes in gravity by nonspecialized cells

The ICAM‐1 expression level determines the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to simulated microgravity

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