Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble and insoluble compounds containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium

Levis, Angelo Gino; Majone, Franca

doi:10.1038/bjc.1981.173

Cited by 65 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…It must be noted, however, that with other metals 12-13 SCE per metaphase (ie, the frequency of SCE induced here by soluble salts of Cd, Hg, Ni, and Pb in the absence of NTA) seem to be the limit above which toxic effects are produced in CHO cells [Levis and Majone, 1981;Loprieno et al, 19851. Therefore, while the interaction of NTA with the insoluble metals could be inferred, because in the absence of NTA they did not reach the threshold value of SCE, an interaction of NTA with the soluble compounds could not be revealed as the concentrations tested already increased the SCE frequency to its upper limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

et al. 1985

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The ability of nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA) to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and to influence the induction of SCE by heavy metal compounds was evaluated with mammalian cell cultures. In accordance with the generally negative results obtained by other investigators on the mutagenic effects of NTA, no increase of SCE frequency was observed in Chinese hamster cells (CHO line) or in primary cultures of mouse (BALB/c and BALB/Mo strains) lymphocytes, after treatment with NTA at subtoxic concentrations (2 X 10(-3) M and 10(-3) M, respectively). The induction of SCE by salts of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) was evaluated with CHO cells. Soluble (CdCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, Pb [CH3COO]2) and insoluble (CdCO3, HgCl, NiCO3, PbSO4) compounds were tested, and, with the exception of Pb(CH3COO)2, all were found to increase the frequency of SCE. NTA apparently did not affect the ability of the soluble metal compounds to induce SCE, but it significantly increased the frequency of SCE induced by treatment with all the insoluble salts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

et al. 1985

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“…In our laboratory the range of variability of SCE frequency in CHO cells, under the above conditions of incubation, is 6.17-7.54 SCE per metaphase [Levis and Majone, 1981;Bianchi et al, 1983;Venier et al, , 1984Levis et al, 19831. For this reason we include an internal control in each experiment (see Table IX).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Mutagenicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…CHO cell cultures were treated for two division cycles (30 hr) with the different chemicals in the presence of 3 x lo-' M bromodeoxyuridine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Chiromosomal preparations were obtained and scored for SCE following the procedures already described [Levis and Majone, 1981;Venier et al, 19821.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Mutagenicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased mutagenicity of chromium compounds by nitrilotriacetic acid

et al. 1985

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Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), which is a substitute for polyphosphates in household laundry detergents, and N-nitrosoiminodiacetic acid (NIDA), a derivative of NTA produced by metabolism of soil microorganisms, were tested for in vitro mutagenicity in bacteria and yeasts. No gene reversions in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100), no forward gene mutations in Schizosaccharomyces pombe P1, and no mitotic gene conversions at two loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4 were induced by NTA (up to 870 micrograms/plate or 40 micrograms/ml) and NIDA (up to 2,000 micrograms/plate or 1,000 micrograms/ml), independently of the presence of rat liver metabolic activation. The influence of NTA on the mutagenic and clastogenic activity of several chromium compounds was examined in the Salmonella/microsome assay and in the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in mammalian cell cultures (Chinese hamster ovary [CHO] line). NTA does not affect the genetic inactivity of water-soluble Cr(III) (Cr2[SO4]3) and the direct mutagenicity of soluble Cr(VI) (Na2CrO4,K2Cr2O7) compounds. The very insoluble Cr(VI) compounds PbCrO4 and PbCrO4 X PbO are instead clearly mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA100 strain) only in the presence of NTA or NaOH. The mutagenicity of lead chromates is correlated with the amounts of Cr(VI) solubilized by NTA or alkali, as detected by the colorimetric reaction with diphenylcarbazide and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the SCE assay, the insoluble lead chromates are directly clastogenic owing to prolonged treatment conditions and cellular endocytosis. The chromosome-damaging activity of PbCrO4 is significantly increased by NTA but not by NaOH.

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“…It has been shown that Cr 3+ binds avidly to proteins and cell organells and that Cr 6+ binds rather poorely [4,5]. Hence, once it is inside the cell, only that chromium which has been converted from Cr 6+ to Cr 3+ will remain firmly bound to cellular proteins and organelles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of ascorbic acid in the51Cr labelling of mouse fibrosarcoma cells

Chaubal

Aroskar

Godbole

et al. 1984

Radiat Environ Biophys

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We have studied and discussed the significance of the use of ascorbic acid in 51Cr labelling of cells. The following two advantages seem credible if cells (mouse fibrosarcoma) in culture are incubated for about 2 h in a medium containing Na2 51CrO4 and then ascorbic acid is added to the medium and incubation continued for ten more minutes: (a) the natural intracellular conversion of Cr6+ to Cr3+ appears to be aided, (b) the incorporation of chromium by cells is higher.

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Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble and insoluble compounds containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Interaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

Interaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with heavy metals in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

Increased mutagenicity of chromium compounds by nitrilotriacetic acid

Use of ascorbic acid in the51Cr labelling of mouse fibrosarcoma cells

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