Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cola and grape flavored soft drinks in bone marrow cells of rodents

Abstract

Due to the large consumption of soft drinks in Brazil and worldwide in recent years and considering that some of the components present in their composition pose potential risks to human health, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of specific cola and grape-flavored soft drink brands. Bone marrow cells of Wistar rats were initially treated by gavage with one single dose of Cola or Grape soft drink, which was next offered ad libitum (instead of water) for 24 hours. A negative control treatment was performed by administering one single dose of water and a positive control administering cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally. Statistical analysis showed that the Cola and Grape soft drinks studied were not cytotoxic. However, the Cola soft drink proved mutagenic in this experiment treatment time. Therefore, this study serves as a warning about the consumption of Cola-flavored soft drink and for the need for further subchronic and chronic studies on soft drinks in order to evaluate the long term mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of these substances.

Detection of Cytotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Soft Drink "Cola" on Allium Cepa Root Cells

“…High potential of genotoxicity for Coca cola in our research, matches the findings of other authors, who did researches on mutagenic effects of Coca cola on animals and Allium cepa test (Düsman et al, 2013;Chandraker et al, 2014). However there is only limited research available on its genotoxic and /or carcinogenic potential in humans.…”

“…This may reflects the potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of Coca cola through increment of chromosomal alterations (Düsman et al, 2013). It was also observed that there was gradual decrease in the number of chromosome aberrations with increase duration of treatment.…”

“…Caramel coloring can cause convulsions when administered to rats, mice, and chickens, and it adversely affected the levels of white blood cells (lymphocytes) in laboratory animals. Also it can inhibit the absorption of vitamin B6 in rabbits due to the presence of 4-Methylimidazol (Düsman et al, 2013).…”

In VivoandIn VitroGenotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach

“…The genomic stability (lack of genotoxicity) observed in Drosophila with all the compounds assayed confirmed their safety. Previous reports determined that cola drinks could be mutagenic by inducing chromosomal abnormalities and liver adducts in mice [ 61 , 62 ]. However, those results are at least controversial, since the mutagenic effects were observed after 1 day of treatment with cola intakes equal to 600 mL in humans.…”

Assessment of Potential Mutagenic Effect of Colorant of Some Commercial Fruit Drinks in Mice

“…The study of Düsman et al [24] serves as a warning about the consumption of Cola and Grape-flavored soft drink, which showed mutagenic potential in the bone marrow of Wistar rats treated in vivo. However, further studies are required to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic long term effects of these colorants are recommended since some fruit drinks are consumed daily by a significant proportion of the world population.…”