D‑dimer as a potential clinical marker for predicting metastasis and progression in cancer

Abstract

D-dimer is a widely used biomarker for indicating the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, and is reported to serve important roles in cancer progression. The aim of the current retrospective study was to investigate the association of D-dimer plasma level with the development of various cancers. Patients with breast (n=86), gastric (n=317), pancreatic (n=37), colon (n=153) and rectal (n=137) cancers and 92 healthy volunteers were assessed in the present study. Plasma levels of D-dimer in the patients and healthy controls were measured by immunoturbidimetric assays. The association of D-dimer levels with the clinicopathological features of patients were also determined. The plasma levels of D-dimer were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer (P=0.0022), gastric cancer (P<0.0001), pancreatic cancer (P=0.0003), colon cancer (P=0.0001) and rectal cancer (P=0.0028), compared with the healthy controls. It was also determined that the plasma D-dimer levels were positively associated with clinical cancer stage (P<0.05) and metastasis (P<0.05). These findings suggested that the plasma D-dimer level may be used as marker for predicting cancer metastasis and progression.

The prognostic value of CA19-9, D-dimer and expression of TNFAIP3(A20) protein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients

“…The results of this meta-analysis indicated that plasma D-dimer levels can be used as an important reference for the early identi cation and staging of breast cancer [11]. D-dimer was reported as an independent prognostic marker for some cancer [12,13]. A20 was a cytoplasmic zinc-nger protein, which was found to be expressed in a variety of human cells, which associated with disease [14].…”

“…Some scholars had shown that some markers may be related to the prognosis of PDAC patients, for examples, differentiation grade and TNM stage [1,8]. These prognostic factors were di cult to judge preoperatively, so the study of preoperative serum markers had become a research hot spot [12,26]. As an independent prognostic indicator, CA19-9 had attracted more and more attention [26].…”

“…Level D-dimer was found to be associated with prognosis of digestive tumors [12,13]. But CA19-9 level may be affected by jaundice [18]and in ammatory [19], many pancreatic cancer patients complicated with jaundice.…”

“…Fibrinolytic enzymes in brinolytic systems played an important role in tumor invasion and penetration into the blood circulation. Studies had also shown that tumors were encapsulated in the network structure, as the disease developed and the rate of metastasis accelerated, the release of D-dimer increased after the destruction of the network structure, and thrombotic diseases were prone to occur [12,33,34].…”

“…Although CA19-9 is a marker of pancreatic tumor, It is easily interfered by other factors, such as jaundice [18]and in ammatory level [19]. D-dimer and A20 have also been studied in cancer [12,17]. As a stress response gene in endothelial cells (ECs), A20 has a protective effect from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis and inhibits in ammationis [20,21].…”