D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is elevated in T cells of schizophrenic patients whereas D4 dopamine receptor mRNA is reduced in CD4+-T cells

Boneberg, Eva-Maria; Seydlitz, Elisabeth von; Pröpster, Karl; Watzl, Hans; Rockstroh, Brigitte; Illges, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.11.018

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Both mRNA expression and receptor binding of DRD2 were increased in lymphocytes from people with Sz who were drugnaive [71,72] , however the upregulation of DRD2 mRNA was not replicated [73,74] . The levels of lymphocyte DRD3 mRNA was reported to be elevated in both people with chronic Sz [73,75] and people with Sz who were drugnaïve [76] . However, it was also reported to be downregulated in people with Sz and people with bipolar disorders [77] .…”

Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A number of dopaminergic markers have been evaluated in blood from people with Sz, including DA receptors (i.e., DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4 [70] ), DA transporter (DAT), and other molecules associated with the dopaminergic system [i.e., tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)]. Both mRNA expression and receptor binding of DRD2 were increased in lymphocytes from people with Sz who were drugnaive [71,72] , however the upregulation of DRD2 mRNA was not replicated [73,74] . The levels of lymphocyte DRD3 mRNA was reported to be elevated in both people with chronic Sz [73,75] and people with Sz who were drugnaïve [76] .…”

Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was also reported to be downregulated in people with Sz and people with bipolar disorders [77] . For DRD4, the mRNA has been reported to be either down-regulated in CD4 positive T cells [73] or not different in people with Sz [74] . It is noteworthy that higher DRD3 mRNA has been reported in people with heroin addiction, whilst lower DRD4 mRNA has been reported in people with major depression as well as during alcohol and heroin withdrawal [70] .…”

Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

Lai

Scarr

Udawela

et al. 2016

WJP

140

108

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Identifying biomarkers that can be used as diagnostics or predictors of treatment response (theranostics) in people with schizophrenia (Sz) will be an important step towards being able to provide personalized treatment. Findings from the studies in brain tissue have not yet been translated into biomarkers that are practical in clinical use because brain biopsies are not acceptable and neuroimaging techniques are expensive and the results are inconclusive. Thus, in recent years, there has been search for blood-based biomarkers for Sz as a valid alternative. Although there are some encouraging preliminary data to support the notion of peripheral biomarkers for Sz, it must be acknowledged that Sz is a complex and heterogeneous disorder which needs to be further dissected into subtype using biological based and clinical markers. The scope of this review is to critically examine published blood-based biomarker of Sz, focusing on possible uses for diagnosis, treatment response, or their relationship with schizophreniaassociated phenotype. We sorted the studies into six categories which include: (1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor; (2) inflammation and immune function; (3) neurochemistry; (4) oxidative stress response and metabolism; (5) epigenetics and microRNA; and (6) transcriptome and proteome studies. This review also summarized the molecules which have been conclusively reported as potential blood-based biomarkers for Sz in different blood cell types. Finally, we further discusses the pitfall of current blood-based studies and suggest that a prediction model-based, Sz specific, blood World Journal of Psychiatry W J P oriented study design as well as standardize blood collection conditions would be useful for Sz biomarker development.

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Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monoamine Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

Lai

Scarr

Udawela

et al. 2016

WJP

140

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expression levels of the DR3 and DR4 in the PBMCs were comparable with those in the brain for these receptors, and were significantly lower for DR2 and DR5 (Kirillova et al 2008). On top of all these clear indications for the expression of most if not all DRs in PBLs of healthy people, DRs were also shown in PBLs or in purified T cells of patients with Schizophrenia (Ilani et al 2001;Kwak et al 2001) (Boneberg et al 2006), Parkinson disease (Nagai et al 1996;Barbanti et al 1999), Alzheimer's disease (Barbanti et al 2000a), and migraine (Barbanti et al 1996). Interestingly, the levels of the DR's in the lymphocytes of patients with these diseases were often significantly different from those in lymphocytes of healthy individuals.…”

Section: Dopamine Receptors In Heterogeneous Humanmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The increased DR expression in lymphocytes correlated with more severe psychiatric symptoms (Kwak et al 2001). Study 3: T cells of schizophrenic patients have significantly higher expression of D3R and lower D4R mRNA levels (Boneberg et al 2006). …”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine in the Immune System: Dopamine Receptors in Immune Cells, Potent Effects, Endogenous Production and Involvement in Immune and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Levite

2012

Nerve-Driven Immunity

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Up‐regulation ofADMandSEPX1in the lymphoblastoid cells of patients in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia

Kakiuchi

Ishiwata

Nanko

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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The contribution of genetic factors to schizophrenia is well established and recent studies have indicated several strong candidate genes. However, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has not been totally elucidated yet. To date, studies of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia have provided insight into the pathophysiology of this illness; this type of study can exclude inter-individual variability and confounding factors such as effects of drugs. In this study we used DNA microarray analysis to examine the mRNA expression patterns in the lymphoblastoid (LB) cells derived from two pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. From five independent replicates for each pair of twins, we selected five genes, which included adrenomedullin (ADM) and selenoprotein X1 (SEPX1), as significantly changed in both twins with schizophrenia. Interestingly, ADM was previously reported to be up-regulated in both the LB cells and plasma of schizophrenic patients, and SEPX1 was included in the list of genes up-regulated in the peripheral blood cells of schizophrenia patients by microarray analysis. Then, we performed a genetic association study of schizophrenia in the Japanese population and examined the copy number variations, but observed no association. These findings suggest the possible role of ADM and SEPX1 as biomarkers of schizophrenia. The results also support the usefulness of gene expression analysis in LB cells of monozygotic twins discordant for an illness.

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D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is elevated in T cells of schizophrenic patients whereas D4 dopamine receptor mRNA is reduced in CD4+-T cells

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

Dopamine in the Immune System: Dopamine Receptors in Immune Cells, Potent Effects, Endogenous Production and Involvement in Immune and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Up‐regulation ofADMandSEPX1in the lymphoblastoid cells of patients in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia

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