Daily, monthly, and yearly tidal cycles within laminated siltstones of the Mansfield Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Indiana

Kvale, Erik P.; Archer, Allen W.; Johnson, H. R.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0365:dmaytc>2.3.co;2

Cited by 136 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Examples of this appear to represent environments in which tidal rhythmites accumulated rapidly in areas flanking and within the contemporaneous estuaries dissecting, or adjacent to, peat swamps. The thickness, and seemingly rapid accumulation (Kvale et al 1989), of these deposits above coal beds point to syndepositional peat compaction as a likely source of accommodation space, amplifying that created by rising sea level. Thick accumulations of tidal sediments are documented to preserve a mixture of upright stumps, mainly of lycopsids and calamites, but also may preserve less robust trees as prostrate adpressions, apparently close to or at their sites of growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None the less, where forests are buried in tidal rhythmites (Fig. 4), the amount of time taken to entomb the trees may be determined precisely (with an error of a few days to weeks; Kvale et al 1989;Gastaldo 1990;Archer et al 1994). Coastal environments in which forests are entombed are generally diverse and complex, including estuaries, tidal flats and sabkhas among others (Francis 1984;Jud et al 2009), their nature determined by tidal amplitude (microtidal to macrotidal) and climate (humid to arid).…”

Section: Rapid Rate Of Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

DiMichele

Falcon-Lang

2011

JGS

111

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Fossil forests, buried in growth position in a geological instant (T° assemblages) are far more abundant in Pennsylvanian successions than in any other part of the geological record. In this review paper, we evaluate the fundamental controls on the origin of these phenomena, investigate the taphonomic biases that influence their composition, and summarize their palaeoecological significance. Following earlier workers, we highlight that high rates of burial and accommodation are essential for the formation and preservation of T° assemblages. Contexts especially favourable for their origin include ashfalls proximal to volcanic centres, coastal plains drowned by relative sea-level rise, and fluvial environments such as channel bars, crevasse splays, and distributary lobes. Long-term preservation requires high rates of subsidence. Consequently, the vast majority of Palaeozoic T° assemblages are confined to wetland settings at, or close to, sea level, whereas drylands are poorly represented and uplands rarely sampled, if ever. However, this is not the only major bias in the fossil record; taphonomic processes selectively preserve plants dependent on their anatomy and stature, and on groundwater chemistry. Thus, although T° assemblages offer unrivalled insights into the nature of ancient forests (whole-plant reconstructions, tree density, canopy height, productivity, plant hydraulics, cohort dynamics, spatial heterogeneity, ecological gradients, tree-sediment interactions, and animal-plant interactions, to name but a few), it is naive to believe they provide 'photographic snapshots' of palaeoecosystems. None the less, careful taphonomic analysis of T° assemblages offers the potential for a nuanced understanding of these evocative phenomena, and much remains to be learned from these important palaeoecological resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rapid Rate Of Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

DiMichele

Falcon-Lang

2011

JGS

111

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“…Each of the above-defined scenarios was run for a 14.75-day period corresponding to one full neap-spring tide cycle [79]. Each simulation considered real tidal boundary conditions from one typical cycle, which was chosen as the period 11-25 September, 2012.…”

Section: Scenario Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Vinh¹,

Ouillon

Thao³

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:The Mekong River is ranked as the 8th in terms of water discharge and as the 10th in terms of sediment load in the world. During the last 4500 years, its delta prograded more than 250 km to the south due to a tremendous amount of sediments deposited, and turned from a "tide-dominated" delta into a "wave-and-tide dominated" delta. This study aims at completing our knowledge on the fate of sediments that may be stored in estuarine or coastal systems, or dispersed over the continental shelf and slope. Sediment transport in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) coastal area was studied by numerical simulations using the Delft3D model. The model configuration was calibrated and validated from data collected in situ during 4 periods from 2012 to 2014. Then, 50 scenarios corresponding to different wave conditions (derived from the wave climate) and river discharge values typical of low flow and flood seasons enabled us to quantify the dispersal patterns of fluvial sediments close to the mouths and along the coast. Sediments mostly settled in the estuary and close to the mouths under calm conditions, and suspended sediment with higher concentrations extend further offshore with higher waves. Waves from the Southeast enhanced the concentration all along the MRD coastal zone. Waves from the South and Southwest induced coastal erosion, higher suspended sediment concentrations in front of the southern delta, and a net transport towards the Northeast of the delta. Because of episodes of Southern and Southwestern waves during the low flow season, the net alongshore suspended sediment transport is oriented Northeastward and decreases from the Southwestern part of the coastal zone (~960ˆ10 3 t yr´1) to the Northeastern part (~650ˆ10 3 t yr´1).

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“…The variations of tidal currents can be indicated through the thinning and thickening trends (Kvale & Archer 1990;Kvale et al 1989). Based on Buatois and Mangano (2003), this facies can be interpreted as tidal rhythmite.…”

Section: F6: Strip Mudstone With Thin Laminated Sandstone and Siltstonementioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic Succession and Depositional Framework of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah

Khor¹,

Chow²,

Rahman³

2015

JSM

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Daily, monthly, and yearly tidal cycles within laminated siltstones of the Mansfield Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Indiana

Cited by 136 publications

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Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Stratigraphic Succession and Depositional Framework of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah

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Daily, monthly, and yearly tidal cycles within laminated siltstones of the Mansfield Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Indiana

Cited by 136 publications

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Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T 0 assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T 0 assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Stratigraphic Succession and Depositional Framework of the Sandakan Formation, Sabah

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Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights

Pennsylvanian ‘fossil forests' in growth position (T ⁰ assemblages): origin, taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights