Daily running trials increase sprint speed in endangered lizards (Gallotia simonyi)

González-Ortega, C.; Mesa-Avila, Gara; Suárez-Rancel, Mercedes; Rodríguez-Domínguez, Miguel Ángel; Molina‐Borja, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104509

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…During the last few decades, we have collaborated with the Cabildos (i.e., town councils) of El Hierro and La Gomera to provide advice on the maintenance and reproduction of individuals (G. simonyi and G. bravoana, respectively) in each breeding centre of the islands and also in the reintroduction of individuals into the wild. In preparation for release into the wild, we have trained individuals of G. simonyi to recognize dangerous predators (kestrels and cats) using models [26], in order to increase their chances of surviving real attacks when they are reintroduced in natural habitats; we also showed that experimental trials contributed to an increase in their running speed [27].…”

Section: Application To Actions For Endemic Lizard Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all studies performed, we used several statistical analyses, from the simpler, nonparametric comparisons between two or more samples [29,31,43], ANOVA or MANOVA [16,18,19,48], to the more complex, multivariate (principal component analysis) [29], phylogenetic analysis [25], permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) [26] and generalized linear models [27,32].…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recommended using this training technique for lizards to be re natural habitats. Experiments on locomotion training for individuals of th showed that they enhanced individuals' running speed [27].…”

Section: Behavioural Applications On Conservation Of Endemic Lizards ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of lizard morphology, behaviour and ecology along the years has allowed us to contribute to recent attempts at recovering endangered species of Gallotia, known as "giant" lizards from El Hierro (G. simonyi) and La Gomera (G. bravoana). We have advised on how to maintain individuals in outdoor terraria, select the pairs to participate in reproduction every year and procedures related to antipredator training and releasing groups of lizards into the wild ( [26,27] and see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology, Behaviour and Evolution of Gallotia Lizards from the Canary Islands

Molina‐Borja

Bohórquez-Alonso

2023

Animals

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We summarize, here, the results from several studies conducted over many years on several endemic species of lizards (genus Gallotia) from the Canary Islands. Quantitative analyses show clear differences both among the species of every island and populations within each species. Sexual dimorphism exists in all analysed species, and a phylogenetic analysis shows that the degree of dimorphism did not change along the evolutionary history of the Canary Islands: species with large and small body sizes have a similar degree of sexual dimorphism, with male body size changes closely following those undergone by females. In G. caesaris (from El Hierro and La Gomera islands) and in G. stehlini (from Gran Canaria), longer hind limb length was correlated with more open habitats. Within most species, males are more conspicuous than females, mainly in terms of body size, behaviour and coloration pattern. Lateral colour spots are blue in most species and green in others. In G. galloti from Tenerife, male lateral spots have larger spot areas and percentage of reflectance in the ultraviolet/blue part of the spectrum than females. This trait shows a monthly variation along April to July, both in males and females, its magnitude being larger in May–June. Behaviour analysis, especially in the last species, shows a great diversity in behaviour patterns, and analysis of intrasexual male competition revealed that contest outcome depends on several morphological and colouration characteristics but mainly on the individual’s behaviour. Detailed behavioural analyses were useful for managing a few captive individuals of the highly endangered G. bravoana from La Gomera island. Experimental analyses of some behaviours in the endemic Hierro island lizard (G. simonyi, in danger of extinction) show that individuals may learn to recognize predator models and increase their running speeds with training.

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Section: Application To Actions For Endemic Lizard Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioural Applications On Conservation Of Endemic Lizards ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology, Behaviour and Evolution of Gallotia Lizards from the Canary Islands

Molina‐Borja

Bohórquez-Alonso

2023

Animals

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Toward a Robust Definition of Sport Sex

Handelsman

2024

Endocrine Reviews

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Elite individual sports in which success depends on power, speed or endurance are conventionally divided into male and female events using traditional binary definitions of sex. Male puberty creates durable physical advantages due to the 20-30-fold increase in circulating testosterone producing a sustained uplift in men’s muscle, bone, hemoglobin, and cardiorespiratory function resulting from male puberty and sustained during men’s lives. These male physical advantages provide strong justification for separate protected category of female events allowing women to achieve the fame and fortune from success they would be denied if competing against men. Recent wider social acceptance of transgender individuals, together with the less recognized involvement of intersex (46 XY DSD) individuals, challenge and threaten to defeat the sex classifications for elite individual female events. This can create unfair advantages if seeking inclusion into elite female events of unmodified male-bodied athletes with female gender identity who have gained the physical advantages of male puberty. Based on reproductive physiology, this paper proposes a working definition of sport sex based primarily on an individual’s experience of male puberty and can be applied to transgender and various XY intersex conditions. Consistent with the multidimensionality of biological sex (chromosomal, genetic, hormonal, anatomical sex), this definition may be viewed as a multistrand cable whose overall strength survives when any single strand weakens or fails, rather than as a unidimensional chain whose strength is only as good as its weakest link.

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Endurance training does not affect maximum exertion/distance capacity in Anolis carolinensis lizards

Sorlin

Marks

Lailvaux

2022

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Locomotor performance abilities are key predictors of survival and reproductive success in animals and understanding how selection targets them can provide insights into how morphology and physiology relate to fitness. But despite the large body of work on performance traits, along with well-established protocols to measure them, performance can be challenging to measure. Endurance, for instance, is commonly measured by recording how long an animal can run at a set pace until exhaustion, which is time-consuming and requires dedicated equipment. Consequently, exertion or distance capacity, measured as distance run until exhaustion when chased, is often used as a proxy for endurance, but the relationship between these two metrics has never been assessed even though they likely rely on different underlying physiological mechanisms. We tested experimentally for a relationship between endurance and exertion by training green anole lizards for sprinting and endurance and measuring whether exertion capacity responds to either type of training. Prior to training and across treatments, males displayed a mean exertion capacity of 14.08m (± 0.29m) and females 12.03m (± 3.52m), and respectively 14.78 (± 3.57m) and 12.19 (± 2.21m) after training. We found that exertion capacity is unaffected by either type of training in green anoles. We also show that a positive relationship between endurance and exertion capacity pre-training exists only in females and that this relationship is inconsistent among studies. Exertion should be studied as a locomotor trait in its own right and not as a proxy for endurance.

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Daily running trials increase sprint speed in endangered lizards (Gallotia simonyi)

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Morphology, Behaviour and Evolution of Gallotia Lizards from the Canary Islands

Morphology, Behaviour and Evolution of Gallotia Lizards from the Canary Islands

Toward a Robust Definition of Sport Sex

Endurance training does not affect maximum exertion/distance capacity in Anolis carolinensis lizards

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