Dairy Heifer Development and Nutrition Management

Akins, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.004

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Labor accounted for 20%, 24%, and 19% of the total cost in confinement, dry-lot, and pasture housing scenarios, respectively. Labor accounted for on average 18.2% of the total cost of Wisconsin dairy producers, just below our calculated percentages (23).…”

Section: Laborcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Effects of Housing System on Dairy Heifer Replacement Cost From Birth to Calving: Evaluating Costs of Confinement, Dry-Lot, and Pasture-Based Systems and Their Impact on Total Rearing Investment

et al. 2020

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Replacement heifer rearing is critical for the future of dairy operations, to improve genetic merit and maintain herd size. A myriad of options exist on how to manage, feed, and ultimately raise replacement heifers. Pasture is perceived to offer optimal welfare and an economical housing system for replacement animals, but confinement systems are gaining popularity. This study investigates the costs associated with replacement heifer management decisions from birth to calving, considering the factors of housing systems, labor, feed, and health. The objective of this study was to develop an economic model to determine the cost of raising a replacement heifer managed in confinement, dry-lot, and pasture-based scenarios post-weaning. We accounted for variation in feed, labor, and health inputs and quantified the impact of these individual management decisions. An economic simulation with 10,000 iterations were completed for each situation using @Risk and PrecisionTree add-ons (Palisade Corporation, Ithaca, NY) where health incidence, commodity prices, and management variables were made stochastic. Published literature or sample farm data created parameters used in Pert distributions. Costs and biological responses were reflective of published surveys, literature, and market conditions. Management decision inputs had 3 main factors: housing type, ration composition, and labor utilization. Housing systems were calculated separately for confinement, dry-lot, and pasture scenarios. The mean total cost (min, max) to raise a replacement heifer from birth to calving, assuming the same pre-weaning strategy of group housing with an automatic calf feeder, was found to be $1,919.02

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Section: Laborcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Effects of Housing System on Dairy Heifer Replacement Cost From Birth to Calving: Evaluating Costs of Confinement, Dry-Lot, and Pasture-Based Systems and Their Impact on Total Rearing Investment

et al. 2020

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“…ADG and final BW play an important role in assessing the feed efficiency and overall health status of dairy female calves [17]. Akins reported that female diary calves should gain 0.75 kg per day to reach optimum weight of weaning at eight weeks of age [18]. In the present study, ADG of calves in different treatment groups exceeded 0.75 kg/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Comparison of Reconstituted, Acidified Reconstituted Milk or Acidified Fresh Milk on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Rate, and Hematological Parameters in Preweaning Dairy Calves

Xin

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe preweaning phase is the period for the rapid growth and development of dairy calves. During this period, dairy calves receive their nutrients through milk. Feeding hygienic milk is of great benefit to optimum growth rate and health status of dairy calves. Previous studies focused on the effects of hygienic milk by acidification on dairy calves’ health and growth. Reconstituted milk, as the common source of milk, is being used in dairy calves feeding. However, no previous studies reported the effects of feeding acidified reconstituted milk on dairy calves’ health and growth. Our study will provide the evidence that the acidification of reconstituted milk had positive effects on growth performance and health status of preweaning dairy calves.AbstractThe present experiment was carried out to assess the effects of reconstituted milk (RM), acidified reconstituted milk (ARM), and acidified fresh milk (AFM) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, and hematological parameters of preweaning dairy calves. For this purpose, a total of 27 Holstein female calves (one month of age) with initial body weight of (67.46 ± 4.08) kg were divided into three groups in such a way that each group contained nine calves. Calves were housed individually, and starter was offered ad libitum to each calf. The dietary treatments were RM, ARM, and AFM. The highest milk intake was observed in calves receiving AFM as compared to other treatments (p < 0.01). Calves fed AFM had more feed intake than those fed ARM and RM (p < 0.01). Feed efficiency was significantly lower for calves offered ARM than those offered RM and AFM (p < 0.01). A lower withers height growth was found for calves fed RM than those fed ARM and AFM (p <0.05). Diarrhea rate and white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) counts were greater for calves fed RM than those fed ARM and AFM (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that ARM and AFM had positive effects on growth performance and health status of the preweaning dairy calves.

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“…Khan et al (2011) suggest that an increase in milk intake stimulates the immune system of animals and is connected with increased milk yields in primiparous cows. In the opinion of Akins (2016), improved profitability of dairy farms is promoted by intensive milk feeding of calves. Rincker et al (2011) when conducting studies on Holstein cattle found that intensified calf feeding may be applied in order to reduce the age at first calving with no negative effect on milk yield and economics of milk production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Selected Factors on Freshening Milking Efficiency in Primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White Cows

Pytlewski¹,

Antkowiak²,

Stanisławski³

et al. 2017

Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Z

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Streszczenie. Wykazano istotny pod względem statystycznym wpływ pochodzenia ojca oraz wieku i masy ciała przy zacieleniu jałowic na efektywność rozdajania pierwiastek rasy polskiej holsztyńsko-fryzyjskiej odmiany czarno-białej. Największą mlecznością w okresie rozdajania charakteryzowały się córki buhajów pochodzących z Ameryki Północnej i pierwiastki, które zostały zapłodnione jako jałówki-w wieku powyżej 16 miesięcy życia oraz przy masie ciała powyżej 475 kg. Najprawdopodobniej wysoki potencjał genetyczny bydła hf pochodzącego z Ameryki Północnej, przewyższający pod względem wydajności mlecznej odmiany europejskie, był związany z dłuższym okresem jego doskonalenia, co w połączeniu z poprawą lokalnych warunków produkcyjnych zapewniło uzyskanie najkorzystniejszych rezultatów. Wydaje się, że na mleczność w okresie rozdajania większy wpływ mają masa ciała i rozwój jałowic niż ich wiek przy zapłodnieniu. Aby skrócić fazę odchowu u młodzieży żeńskiej, zaleca się stosowanie w tym okresie bardziej intensywnego żywienia.

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Dairy Heifer Development and Nutrition Management

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Housing System on Dairy Heifer Replacement Cost From Birth to Calving: Evaluating Costs of Confinement, Dry-Lot, and Pasture-Based Systems and Their Impact on Total Rearing Investment

Effects of Housing System on Dairy Heifer Replacement Cost From Birth to Calving: Evaluating Costs of Confinement, Dry-Lot, and Pasture-Based Systems and Their Impact on Total Rearing Investment

Comparison of Reconstituted, Acidified Reconstituted Milk or Acidified Fresh Milk on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Rate, and Hematological Parameters in Preweaning Dairy Calves

The Effect of Selected Factors on Freshening Milking Efficiency in Primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White Cows

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