Dairy Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Function in Dietetics: The Food–Gut-Health Axis

Abstract

Fermented dairy products are the good source of different species of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are beneficial microbes well characterized for their health-promoting potential. Traditionally, dietary intake of fermented dairy foods has been related to different health-promoting benefits including antimicrobial activity and modulation of the immune system, among others. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a contribution of dairy LAB in the prophylaxis and therapy of non-communicable diseases. Live bacterial cells or their metabolites can directly impact physiological responses and/or act as signalling molecules mediating more complex communications. This review provides up-to-date knowledge on the interactions between LAB isolated from dairy products (dairy LAB) and human health by discussing the concept of the food–gut-health axis. In particular, some bioactivities and probiotic potentials of dairy LAB have been provided on their involvement in the gut–brain axis and non-communicable diseases mainly focusing on their potential in the treatment of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Better Metabolic Features in Youths with Type 1 Diabetes

“…Other studies have recently reported this association in children with obesity [43][44][45][46][47]. Behind the excess of simple sugars instead of foods rich in nutrients, several other mechanisms have been reported, such as derangements in the calcium homeostasis, insulin secretion, satiety and satiation and gut-microbiota when the intake of dairy products is low [45,48,49]. In our cohort a low intake of nuts and cereals was associated with an increased risk of being overweight and obese.…”

Potential Antiviral Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KAU007 against Influenza Virus H1N1

“…In mice [ 2 , 33 ], chicken [ 25 ], and humans [ 2 , 34 ], LAB probiotic strains have shown significant protection against a various number of infectious diseases [ 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Intranasal and oral pretreatment with LAB strains proved effective in protecting mice against influenza virus infection but did not protect against severe weight loss disease [ 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, various trials have shown that preventing a cold in healthy elders and extending the survival time for mice with influenza has shown positive results [ 2 , 19 , 35 , 45 ].…”

“…Furthermore, various trials have shown that preventing a cold in healthy elders and extending the survival time for mice with influenza has shown positive results [ 2 , 19 , 35 , 45 ]. Many studies found that some novel probiotic isolates increase innate and acquired immunity [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], increasing antiviral defenses [ 25 , 43 , 44 , 46 ].…”

Discovery of Novel Iminosugar Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus paragasseri MJM60645 and Their Anti-Biofilm Activity against Streptococcus mutans

“… Lactobacillus species as probiotic bacteria are being used in many dairy products to provide health benefits ( 13 ). One of the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus species as probiotics is the inhibition of pathogen infection.…”