“…The Kahului Harbor breakwaters in Maui, Hawaii, have suffered damages due to several storms since 1943 and their cross sections have been modified with a total cost of several million US dollars (Sargent et al, 1988). In 1960 a rubble-mound outer breakwater in Crescent City Harbor, California was extensively damaged during a severe storm (Magoon et al, 1974). Sines breakwater in Portugal was destroyed by two storms in 1978, and The Arzew El Djedid breakwater, in Algeria, was severely damaged by another storm in 1980 (Burcharth, 1987).…”