Damming effects on the degree of hydrological alteration and stability of wetland in lower Atreyee River basin

Impact assessment on water quality in the polluted stretch using a cluster analysis during pre- and COVID-19 lockdown of Tawi river basin, Jammu, North India: an environment resiliency

“…The land-use change also marks a prominent role in causing freshwater pollution as construction and installation of barrages or embankments to retain the flowing water can provide several services at the same time cause considerable changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the river (Sharma and Dutta 2020 ), turning them into eco-hydrological deficit state (Pal and Sarda 2020 ). Fragmentation of the riverine ecosystem because of artificial obstruction like barrages or dams affects the aquatic environment characteristics, as well as the fish species composition (Jo et al 2019 ).…”

Modelling Wetland Eco-hydrological state in Pressure-State-Response framework validating it using Ecosystem service potentiality approach

“…Wetland is one of the most distinct ecosystems and ecologically sensitive part of the biodiversity of the world. Wetlands provides various provisioning services such as wood, food, fresh water, fodder, genetic materials, medicinal materials; regulating services such as global and local climate regulation, air purification, water flow regulation, waste treatment, nutrient regulation, renewal of soil fertility, pollination, soil erosion prevention, flood control; cultural services which includes recreation or tourism, landscape aesthetics, natural diversity, cultural diversity and numerous others for human wellbeing (Keddy et al, 2000;MA, 2005, Chen et al, 2011Burkhard et al, 2014;Costanza et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2018;Lin et al, 2019;Pal and Sarda, 2020). Despite agreeing with the ecological significance of wetlands, their importance are consistently neglected (Turner et al, 2013).…”

“…Despite agreeing with the ecological significance of wetlands, their importance are consistently neglected (Turner et al, 2013). The wetlands are losing their importance because of anthropogenic pressure and negligence of human activity (Pal and Sarda, 2020). So, wetlands are the most dehumanized natural ecosystem all over the globe in recent decades (Finlayson et al, 2016) in spite of its priceless values.…”

“…The wetlands degradation is very common phenomena in developing countries like India where population pressure is very high (Das and Basu, 2020;Ghosh et al, 2018). In India, many wetland ecosystems have been witnessed a rapid detraction, including deterioration in water quality, squeezing wetland area, shallowing water depth in wetland and loss of biodiversity (Talukdar and Pal, 2017;Pal and Sarda, 2020;. The hydrological characteristics such as frequency of flow, discharge amount, timing, hydro-period has been changes due to artificial control like dam construction in the stream (Graf, 2006;Pal, 2016), but also modifies the hydrological regime of the riparian wetlands Pal and Sarda, 2020).…”

“…In India, many wetland ecosystems have been witnessed a rapid detraction, including deterioration in water quality, squeezing wetland area, shallowing water depth in wetland and loss of biodiversity (Talukdar and Pal, 2017;Pal and Sarda, 2020;. The hydrological characteristics such as frequency of flow, discharge amount, timing, hydro-period has been changes due to artificial control like dam construction in the stream (Graf, 2006;Pal, 2016), but also modifies the hydrological regime of the riparian wetlands Pal and Sarda, 2020). Due to the such modification wetlands are experiencing problems like reduction of flow, decreasing of water depth, narrowing hydro-period, uncertain water level fluctuation which is very crucial factors for sustaining ecosystem and habitat status of the river and riparian wetlands (Talukdar and Pal, 2020b;Debanshi and Pal, 2020a).…”