Dark fermentation as an environmentally sustainable WIN-WIN solution for bioenergy production

Biohydrogen production through dark fermentation from waste biomass: Current status and future perspectives on biorefinery development

“…Further, the utilization of VFAs in the succeeding AD reactor delivers the lowest impact on the environment per kJ of energy produced than the conventional AD systems. Very recently, Camacho et al [230] claimed that the substrate treated is the major parameter that governs the carbon neutrality of the overall DF biorefinery system. The study found that it is much more energy-positive and sustainable to utilize the sugar beet molasses as a suitable feedstock for hydrogen production than cheese whey and co-fermentation of wine vinasses and wastewater treatment plant sludge.…”