Dark Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Burger, Sven; Bongs, Kai; Dettmer, S.; Ertmer, W.; Sengstock, K.; Sanpera, Anna; Shlyapnikov, G. V.; Lewenstein, Maciej

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.5198

Cited by 1,437 publications

(1,664 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, since the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) [7], there has been a considerable interest in DSs, which have been observed in a series of experiments [8]. As BECs are confined in magnetic traps, many theoretical studies have been devoted to the dynamics of DSs in the presence of external potentials [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark soliton dynamics in spatially inhomogeneous media: Application to Bose–Einstein condensates

Theocharis

Frantzeskakis

Kevrekidis

et al. 2005

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

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We study the dynamics of dark solitons in spatially inhomogeneous media with applications to cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic magnetic potential and a periodic potential representing an optical lattice. We distinguish and systematically investigate the cases with the optical lattice period being smaller, larger, or comparable to the width of the dark soliton. Analytical results, based on perturbation techniques, for the motion of the dark soliton are obtained and compared to direct numerical simulations. Radiation effects are also considered. Finally, we demonstrate that a moving optical lattice may capture and drag a dark soliton.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark soliton dynamics in spatially inhomogeneous media: Application to Bose–Einstein condensates

Theocharis

Frantzeskakis

Kevrekidis

et al. 2005

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

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“…Solitons occur in media as diverse as water, DNA, plasma, or ultra-cold gases, 1,[7][8][9][10][11][12] but over the last 20 years optics has led the way in our understanding of soliton interactions because of the ease with which optical solitons can be studied experimentally. [13][14][15][16] Optical solitons have been shown to attract, repel, breakup, merge, orbit each-other or even annihilate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances

et al. 2013

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We report what we believe is the weakest interaction between solitons ever observed. Our experiment involves temporal optical cavity solitons recirculating in a coherently-driven passive optical fibre ring resonator. We observe two solitons, separated by up to 8,000 times their width, changing their temporal separation by a fraction of an attosecond per round-trip of the 100 m-long resonator, or equivalently 1/10,000 of the wavelength of the soliton carrier wave per characteristic dispersive length. The interactions are so weak that, at the speed of light, they require an effective propagation distance of the order of an astronomical unit to fully develop, i.e. tens of millions of kilometres. The interaction is mediated by transverse acoustic waves generated in the optical fibre by the propagating solitons through electrostriction.Solitons are self-localized wave packets that do not spread, the dispersion of the supporting medium being cancelled by a nonlinear effect. 1-4 They are universal, and in many respects behave like particles. 2 They exert forces on each other and can interact in various ways, elastically or inelastically. 2,5,6 Here we report what we believe is by far the weakest form of soliton interaction ever observed. Using recirculating optical cavity solitons, we report interactions so weak that the solitons shift their positions by only about 10 −7 of their width -amounting to 1/10,000 of the wavelength of the soliton carrier wave -per characteristic dispersive length. At the speed of light, these interactions require effective propagation distances of the order of an astronomical unit (AU) to be revealed, i.e. tens of millions of kilometres. The sheer fact that we can actually observe such ultra-weak interactions in a noisy laboratory environment highlights the robustness and stability of solitons as never-before.Solitons occur in media as diverse as water, DNA, plasma, or ultra-cold gases, 1,7-12 but over the last 20 years optics has led the way in our understanding of soliton interactions because of the ease with which optical solitons can be studied experimentally. [13][14][15][16] Optical solitons have been shown to attract, repel, breakup, merge, orbit each-other or even annihilate. 5,17-21 As in various other media, soliton interactions can be either shortrange, occurring when the tails of neighbouring solitons overlap, 6,17,22,23 or long range, through a coupling with a non-local response, be it optical radiation, charge carriers, or thermal waves. 24-27 The weakest soliton interactions reported are long range, 24,25 but their observation is typically limited by the duration or propagation length over which the solitons can be maintained. In optics, this is often simply dictated by the size of a nonlinear crystal or the length of an optical fibre. To overcome this restriction, our experiment involves solitons recirculating in an optical fibre loop.More specifically, we consider temporal cavity solitons (CSs) propagating in a coherently-driven passive nonlinear fibre ring resonator. 28 Not...

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“…Although this seems very reasonable in the presence of a strong trap in the transverse y direction, it is worthwhile to compare these densities with those obtained from a solution of the 3D GP equation (3) and we do this in the following. We calculated the density of several of the RDB solitons illustrated in figure 3 using the 3D GP equation (4). The quasi-2D densities obtained from the 2D and 3D GP equations are very similar in all cases.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Stable and mobile two-dimensional dipolar ring-dark-in-bright Bose–Einstein condensate soliton

Adhikari

2016

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Abstract.We demonstrate robust, stable, mobile two-dimensional (2D) dipolar ring-darkin-bright (RDB) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) solitons for repulsive contact interaction, subject to a harmonic trap along the y direction perpendicular to the polarization direction z. Such a RDB soliton has a ring-shaped notch (zero in density) imprinted on a 2D bright soliton free to move in the x − z plane. At medium velocity the head-on collision of two such solitons is found to be quasi elastic with practically no deformation. The possibility of creating the RDB soliton by phase imprinting is demonstrated. The findings are illustrated using numerical simulation employing realistic interaction parameters in a dipolar 164 Dy BEC.

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Dark Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract: Dark solitons in cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates of 87 Rb are created by a phase imprinting method. Coherent and dissipative dynamics of the solitons has been observed.

Cited by 1,437 publications

References 23 publications

Dark soliton dynamics in spatially inhomogeneous media: Application to Bose–Einstein condensates

Dark soliton dynamics in spatially inhomogeneous media: Application to Bose–Einstein condensates

Ultraweak long-range interactions of solitons observed over astronomical distances

Stable and mobile two-dimensional dipolar ring-dark-in-bright Bose–Einstein condensate soliton

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