DART–MS in-source collision induced dissociation and high mass accuracy for new psychoactive substance determinations

Musah, Rabi A.; Cody, Robert B.; Domin, Marek; Lesiak, Ashton D.; Dane, A. John; Shepard, Jason R. E.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.07.028

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Musah et al [60] reported the use of an AccuTOF™ DART with in-source CID to analyze pure synthetic cathinone standards or mixtures of cathinones with adulterants/cutting agents without sample preparation. Precursor ions for all cathinones and adulterants were detected and components of the mixtures could be identified by looking at the individual pure cathinone MS/MS spectra for each component.…”

Section: Direct Sample Analysis Techniques Coupled To Hrmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Pasin

Cawley

Bidny³

et al. 2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

117

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The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in recent years has resulted in the development of numerous analytical methods for the detection and identification of known and unknown NPS derivatives. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been identified as the method of choice for broad screening of NPS in a wide range of analytical contexts due to its ability to measure accurate masses using data-independent acquisition (DIA) techniques. Additionally, it has shown promise for non-targeted screening strategies that have been developed in order to detect and identify novel analogues without the need for certified reference materials (CRMs) or comprehensive mass spectral libraries. This paper reviews the applications of HRMS for the analysis of NPS in forensic drug chemistry, clinical and forensic toxicology. It provides an overview of the sample preparation procedures in addition to data acquisition, instrumental analysis and data processing techniques.Furthermore, it will give an overview of the current state of non-targeted screening strategies with discussion on future directions and perspectives of this technique.3

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Section: Direct Sample Analysis Techniques Coupled To Hrmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Pasin

Cawley

Bidny³

et al. 2017

Anal Bioanal Chem

117

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“…Areas of interest for the forensic drug applications of DART have included screening for THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) or its derivatives, synthetic cannabinoids, and cannabimimetics (Blackledge, ; Musah et al, ,; Takahashi et al, ; Duvivier et al, ; Jacobs & Steiner, ; Lesiak et al, ); detecting adulterations and contaminants in drugs (Fernández et al, ; Newton et al, ,; Nyadong et al, ; Chernetsova et al, ; Samms et al, ; Zhou et al, ; Vaclavik, Krynitsky, & Rader, ); determining the nature or amount of the active ingredient in various known drugs or unknown pharmaceutical samples (Cody, Laramee, & Durst, ; Ropero‐Miller et al, ; Howlett & Steiner, ; Likar et al, ; Lesiak et al, , ; Easter & Steiner, ; Musah et al, ; Kuki et al, ); identifying synthetic precursors to drugs of abuse (Steiner, ); and detecting drug residues on surfaces, in fingerprints, or in liquid matrices (Cody, Laramee, & Durst, ; Blackledge, ; Bennett & Steiner, ; Grange & Sovocool, ; Lim et al, ).…”

Section: Drugs Of Abuse Seized Drugs and Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct analysis in real time—Mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) in forensic and security applications

Pavlovich

Musselman²,

Hall

2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Over the last decade, direct analysis in real time (DART) has emerged as a viable method for fast, easy, and reliable "ambient ionization" for forensic analysis. The ability of DART to generate ions from chemicals that might be present at the scene of a criminal activity, whether they are in the gas, liquid, or solid phase, with limited sample preparation has made the technology a useful analytical tool in numerous forensic applications. This review paper summarizes many of those applications, ranging from the analysis of trace evidence to security applications, with a focus on providing the forensic scientist with a resource for developing their own applications. The most common uses for DART in forensics are in studying seized drugs, drugs of abuse and their metabolites, bulk and detonated explosives, toxic chemicals, chemical warfare agents, inks and dyes, and commercial plant and animal products that have been adulterated for economic gain. This review is meant to complement recent reviews that have described the fundamentals of the ionization mechanism and the general use of DART. We describe a wide range of forensic applications beyond the field of analyzing drugs of abuse, which dominates the literature, including common experimental and data analysis methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:171-187, 2018.

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“…26 The work showed that like other stimulant drugs, mephedrone is well incorporated into hair and the analytical method reported appears sensitive enough to reveal occasional to regular use of mephedrone. 47 The authors scope for this work is to provide a rapid screening method to quickly respond to the rapid evolution of designer drugs and the consequent testing backlogs that develop. 46 Solid synthetic cathinone samples (2-FMC, 2-MEC, 2-FEC and 2-EEC) were sampled directly without pre-treatment and positive ion mass spectra were acquired using a DART-SVP™ ion source interfaced to an AccuTOF mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Usual Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Recently direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has been utilised to quantify and characterise the multitude of new and emerging NPSs. 46,47 Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has also been applied to the screening of an array of NPSs within the literature with acceptable results. Further advancements in this methodology by the same authors 47 has seen the application of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer along with in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra to provide data for presumptive analysis of various synthetic cathinones in a similar fashion to GC-MS analysis.…”

Section: Usual Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs)

Smith

Sutcliffe

Banks

2015

Analyst

127

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New psychoactive substances (NPSs), sometimes referred to as "legal highs" in more colloquial environments/the media, are a class of compounds that have been recently made available for abuse (not necessarily recently discovered) which provide similar effects to the traditional well studied illegal drugs but are not always controlled under existing local, regional or international drug legislation. Following an unprecedented increase in the number of NPSs in the last 5 years (with 101 substances discovered for the first time in 2014 alone) its, occasionally fatal, consequences have been extensively reported in the media. Such NPSs are typically marketed as 'not for human consumption' and are instead labelled and sold as plant food, bath salts as well as a whole host of other equally nondescript aliases in order to bypass legislative controls. NPSs are a new multi-disciplinary research field with the main emphasis in terms of forensic identification due to their adverse health effects, which can range from minimal to life threatening and even fatalities. In this mini-review we overview this recent emerging research area of NPSs and the analytical approaches reported to provide detection strategies as well as detailing recent reports towards providing point-of-care/in-the-field NPS ("legal high") sensors.

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DART–MS in-source collision induced dissociation and high mass accuracy for new psychoactive substance determinations

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Current applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of new psychoactive substances: a critical review

Direct analysis in real time—Mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) in forensic and security applications

An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs)

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