Das Schlüpfen der Larven von Elodia morio (Fall.) (Tachinidae, Diptera) aus ihren mikrotypen Eiern im Darm der Wirtsraupen und unter künstlichen Bedingungen

Kahrer, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1984.tb03720.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The material listed by Wolcott was identified mostly by the Diptera specialist Aldrich (Wolcott 1923, p. 209), indicating that the identification of the species should be right. However, eggs of Goniini hatch only when in contact with the host's digestive fluid (Kahrer 1984), and the larvae of tachinids are exclusive endoparasitoids of arthropods (Stireman et al 2006). Therefore, these records are not reliable and are not included in the host catalogue.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Leschenaultia Bicolor and Description Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The females are attracted to volatile compounds released by host plants in response to the herbivory of caterpillars and oviposit on the leaves near the hosts (Mondor and Roland 1997;Ichiki et al 2012). The eggs are then ingested and hatch when in contact with the host's gut digestive fluid (Severin et al 1915;Thompson 1953;Wishart 1956;Kahrer 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs are then ingested and hatch when in contact with the host’s gut digestive fluid (Severin et al. 1915; Thompson 1953; Wishart 1956; Kahrer 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of hosts of the New World genusLeschenaultia(Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new record forL. bicolorinHalysidota pearsoni(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil

Gudin

Carneiro

2020

Can Entomol

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Specimens of the New World genus Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) parasitise a wide range of lepidopteran hosts, including economically important pests. The female flies are attracted to volatile compounds released by host plants in response to the herbivory of caterpillars. They deposit microtype eggs on the leaves, which are then ingested by the hosts. We record a new host for L. bicolor (Macquart), obtained from Halysidota pearsoni Watson (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The record is described herein and a comparative diagnosis for the identification of this parasitoid is provided, with discussion on similar species of the genus. The male and female terminalia of L. bicolor are fully described and illustrated for the first time. We also review and update the host records for Leschenaultia in an annotated host catalogue. At least nine species of Leschenaultia are recorded from 53 species of Lepidoptera, including the families Apatelodidae, Erebidae, Lasiocampidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae. Finally, we provide an overview of host use and host associations.

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Section: Characterisation Of Leschenaultia Bicolor and Description Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of hosts of the New World genusLeschenaultia(Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new record forL. bicolorinHalysidota pearsoni(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil

Gudin

Carneiro

2020

Can Entomol

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Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Morphologie von Elodia morio (Fall.) (Dipt., Tachinidae)

Kahrer¹

1987

J Applied Entomology

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Biological and morphological studies on Elodia morio (Fall.) (Dipt., Tachinidae) The biology of Elodia morio, a parasite of the codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella [L.]) was studied under laboratory conditions. For this purpose a method for artificial infection was developed. Unknown larval stages are described. E. morio was found to lay its eggs into the entrance holes of the codling moth. The eggs are swallowed by the host and the larvae hatch in the gut. One day later they can be found in the muscles of the body wall. The 2nd larval stage lives freely in the mixocoel and pierces a breathing hole when the host larvae pupates. The duration of the larval stages was determined. For better estimation of the success of parasitation, the resistance of the microtypical eggs of E. morio to desiccation was determined. Zusammenfassung Die erfolgreiche Zucht des Parasiten Elodia morio auf seinem Wirt, dem Apfelwickler (Laspeyresia pomonella [L.]) ermöglichte es, bisher unbekannte Larvenstadien zu beschreiben und die Biologie von Imagines und Larven aufzuklären. Die Eiablage der Fliegenweibchen erfolgt an die Einbohröffnungen der Apfelwicklerraupen in die Frucht und konnte experimentell durch Kotkrümel der Wirtsraupen ausgelöst werden. Die Wirtsraupen nehmen die Eier oral auf; nach dem Schlüpfen im Magensaft durchdringt die Larve im ersten Stadium (LI) die Darmwand der Wirtsraupe und bohrt sich in ein Muskelbündel der Körperwand ein. Die LII lebt frei in der Leibeshöhle und legt eine sekundäre Atemöffnung an, sobald sich der Wirt verpuppt hat. Auch die Dauer der Larvenstadien wurde ermittelt. Die Austrocknungsresistenz der mikrotypen Eier wurde unter verschiedenen Feuchtigkeitsbedingungen untersucht.

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Ovoviviparity and viviparity in the Diptera

1999

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The taxonomic distribution and evolution of viviparity in Diptera is critically reviewed. The phenomenon ranges from ovoviviparity (eggs deposited at an advanced stage of embryonic development ; larva emerges immediately after deposition), through viviparity (larva hatches inside female before deposition) to pupiparity (offspring deposited as pupa). Some Diptera are known to be facultatively viviparous, which is hypothesized to be a step towards the evolution of obligate viviparity. Obligate viviparity is found to comprise unilarviparity (single large larva in maternal uterus) which evolved many times independently, the rare oligolarviparity (more than one but not more than 12 larvae) and multilarviparity (large numbers of developing eggs or larvae in uterus) which is typical for the two largest clades of viviparous Diptera. Unilarviparity is either lecithotrophic (developing larva nourished by yolk of egg) or pseudo-placental (larva nourished by glandular secretions of mother). Viviparity has clearly evolved on many separate occasions in Diptera. It is recorded in 22 families, and this review identifies at least 61 independent origins of viviparity. Six families appear to have viviparity in their ground-plan. Some families have a single evolution of viviparity, others multiple evolutions. Guimaraes' model for the evolution of viviparity in Diptera is tested against phylogenetic information and the adaptive significance of viviparity is reviewed in detail. Possible correlations with life-history parameters (coprophily, parasitism, breeding in ephemeral plant parts, malacophagy and adult feeding habits -especially haematophagy) are analysed critically, as are potential advantages (shorter larval life, less investment in yolk by mother, protection of vulnerable stages, better access to breeding substrates, predation on competitors). Morphological constraints, adaptations and exaptations are reviewed, including the provision of an incubation space for the egg(s), the positioning of the egg(s) in the uterus, and maternal glands. The main morphological adaptations include greater egg size, reduction of egg respiratory filaments, thinning of chorion, modified larval respiratory system and mouthparts, and instar skipping. Female morphology and behaviour is particularly strongly modified for viviparity. The terminalia are shortened, the vagina is more muscular and tracheated, and the ovaries of unilarviparous species have a reduced number of ovarioles with alternate ovulation. Many of the final conclusions are tentative, and a plea is made for more detailed morphological and experimental study of many of the viviparous species. Viviparity in Diptera provides a fascinating example of multiple parallel evolution, and a fertile field for future research.

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Das Schlüpfen der Larven von Elodia morio (Fall.) (Tachinidae, Diptera) aus ihren mikrotypen Eiern im Darm der Wirtsraupen und unter künstlichen Bedingungen

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

An overview of hosts of the New World genusLeschenaultia(Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new record forL. bicolorinHalysidota pearsoni(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil

An overview of hosts of the New World genusLeschenaultia(Diptera: Tachinidae), with a new record forL. bicolorinHalysidota pearsoni(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil

Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Morphologie von Elodia morio (Fall.) (Dipt., Tachinidae)

Ovoviviparity and viviparity in the Diptera

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