Data‐driven Analysis of Sulfur Flows and Behaviour in the Blast Furnace

Helle, Mikko; Saxén, Henrik

doi:10.1002/srin.200806182

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…8,13,16,17) Similar transients with falling and rising hearth plug and sidewall temperatures have been reported by other investigators. [18][19][20][21] The exact reasons for these cycles are not known, but a plausible theory in the furnace studied is that triggering factors are changes in the radial distribution of the liquids entering the hearth caused by permeability changes in the coke bed (dead man).…”

Section: Lining Temperatures and Heath Volumesupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessment of the State of the Blast Furnace High Temperature Region by Tuyere Core Drilling

2009

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Tuyere core drillings give a unique opportunity to probe the blast furnace and detect changes in both physical and chemical conditions of its high-temperature region. In this paper the findings from drill cores taken from a blast furnace are used to characterize the internal state of the furnace hearth, quantified by an erosion model estimating the available hearth volume. The complex relation is studied by entertaining neural network models using different combinations of inputs consisting of the extent of the distinct tuyerelevel zones (raceway, bird's nest, dead man, etc.) of the core samples. The resulting model can be used to gain knowledge of the relation between tuyere level conditions and hearth states, and to classify the findings from future core drillings. The results also throw light on possible reasons for thermal cycles observed in the hearth of the furnace studied.KEY WORDS: tuyere core drillings; blast furnace; hearth state; neural network pruning. 203© 2009 ISIJ ternative, tuyere core drillings have been used at many plants since the 1990's 5-7) : A steel pipe is drilled into the furnace through an opened tuyere at a stoppage, and the pipe with its core filled with the bed is withdrawn, quenched and opened for analysis. Typically, the length of the distinct regions, the particle size of the coke, the metallurgical and mineralogical state of the materials and the presence of iron and slag in the sample are analyzed.Tuyere drillings are performed regularly at Rautaruukki's two blast furnaces during shorter stoppages.9) The sample tubes are 5.5 m long and the withdrawn core has a diameter of 205 mm; typically, the core length is shorter than the maximum drill penetration, l max , into the bed due to compression of the core. The drill penetration, in turn, depends on the physical state of the dead man. After drilling, the core samples are analyzed physically and chemically. In the present work, the modeling effort is focused on the lengths of the different sections identified in the drill core (cf. Fig. 1). Based on the characteristics of the sampled coke and iron, the core is divided in to six regions (with the corresponding number given in parentheses): (1) bosh, (2) flame, (3) raceway, (4) bird's nest, (5) iron agglomerate, and (6) dead man, and their lengths l i (iϭ1...6) are recorded. The difference between the maximum penetration of the drill and the total core length, l c ϭ∑ 6 iϭ1 l i represents the total compression of the sample, Dlϭl max Ϫl c . These lengths from twenty two drill core samples from one of the Rautaruukki furnaces were used for modeling (cf. Table 1). Figure 2 shows a photograph of a core with the different regions indicated. Lining Temperatures and Heath VolumeThe internal state of the furnace hearth can be assessed on the basis of refractory temperatures measured by thermocouples in the hearth bottom and sidewall lining. These temperature measurements can be used to estimate the remaining thickness of the lining and also formation of buildup material (skull) on the hot fa...

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Section: Lining Temperatures and Heath Volumesupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessment of the State of the Blast Furnace High Temperature Region by Tuyere Core Drilling

2009

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“…The reason for this almost cyclic behavior of the hearth has not been fully understood yet, but the distribution of the flows of liquids into the hearth seems to play an important role. A correlation between the inner hearth volume and the sulfur accumulation/depletion of the blast furnace has also been detected …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Model for Fast Computation of Blast Furnace Hearth Erosion and Buildup Profiles

Brännbacka

Saxén

2008

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A model for estimation of the profiles of erosion and buildup material in the hearth of an ironmaking blast furnace has been developed. The model is based on thermocouple readings in the hearth wall and bottom and solves an inverse heat transfer problem for two-dimensional slices of the hearth geometry to estimate the inner profile. Special attention has been paid to the mathematical formulation of the problem at hand, yielding a general model optimized for fast computation. This includes a flexible formulation of the boundary conditions, a generic setup of the lining materials applied in the hearth refractory, and a sophisticated iterative procedure in the estimation of the location of the internal profile. These steps have led to a model that facilitates process analysis with estimation and reestimation of the furnace hearth conditions over whole campaigns using different parameter settings. The model has been applied to study the evolution of the hearth erosion and buildup formation processes in several industrial furnaces.

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“…This study emphasizes that multiobjective genetic algorithm should be explored in further detail in developing high‐strength, air‐hardened grade steels. Despite their significant practical applications, till date, applications of data‐driven modeling strategies,26–28 and for that matter, multi‐objective genetic algorithms are rather limited in this area 29. The adavantage of using this strtaegy is, however, quite overwhelming: not only it can capture the existing knowledge but it also generates fresh information avoiding tedious and cumbersome experimental procedures to a very significant extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data‐Driven Pareto Optimization for Microalloyed Steels Using Genetic Algorithms

Kumar

Chakrabarti

Chakraborti

2012

steel research int.

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A data base was put together for the mechanical properties of microalloyed steels, which contained about 800 entries for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation. Using an evolutionary neural network, based upon a predator–prey genetic algorithms of bi‐objective type, this information was used to construct data‐driven models for UTS, YS, and elongation. The optimum Pareto tradeoffs between these properties were obtained using a multi‐objective genetic algorithm. The results led to some hitherto unexplored steel compositions with optimum properties. Some such steels were actually cast and the experimentally observed property values were found to be well in accord with the predicted results.

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Data‐driven Analysis of Sulfur Flows and Behaviour in the Blast Furnace

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Assessment of the State of the Blast Furnace High Temperature Region by Tuyere Core Drilling

Assessment of the State of the Blast Furnace High Temperature Region by Tuyere Core Drilling

Model for Fast Computation of Blast Furnace Hearth Erosion and Buildup Profiles

Data‐Driven Pareto Optimization for Microalloyed Steels Using Genetic Algorithms

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