Data mining for epidemiology: The correlation of typhoid fever occurrence and environmental factors

Asadi, Faisal; Trinugroho, Joko Pebrianto; Hidayat, Alam Ahmad; Rahutomo, Reza; Pardamean, Bens

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.138

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For instance, typhoid fever and AIS are often linked to fecal contamination of water sources, with poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices contributing to their common transmission route. 23 The correlation between these diseases suggests common risk factors and environmental conditions conducive to their spread, emphasizing the need for comprehensive sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent their transmission. Similarly, study by O’Reilly et al 27 have highlighted the role of bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the etiology of both AWD (cholera) and bloody diarrhea cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To monitor and trace the evolution of clusters extracted from the re-clustering of cumulative datasets, a framework known as the MONIC algorithm was introduced. 23 In this paper, we implement the clusTransition package in R-software for change detection in the waterborne disease dataset. 24 , 25 This helps in understanding the evolution of waterborne diseases in KP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of waterborne diseases: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Atif,

Ayub,

Shakoor

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: In Pakistan, the degradation of drinking water quality is exacerbated by the increasing population size and rapid industrialization. Contaminated water serves as the predominant source of numerous diseases, including diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and typhoid. This article explores the evolution of waterborne diseases across 21 districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan by monitoring changes in the clustering solutions. Methods: The data employed in this study were sourced from 21 districts of KP by the Director-General Health Services. Cluster analysis was utilized to uncover patterns in waterborne disease incidence, while principal component analysis was employed to reveal underlying patterns and reduce dimensionality. Additionally, the MONItoring Clusters (MONIC) framework was applied for change detection, facilitating the identification of significant shifts in disease patterns over time and aiding in the understanding of temporal dynamics. Results: Our analysis indicates that two clusters survived consistently over time, while other clusters exhibited inconsistency. Profiling of the surviving clusters (C12 → C24 → C32 → C43) suggests a gradual increase in cases of bloody diarrhea in the Swat Valley, Hangu, Karak, and Lakki Marwat regions. Similarly, profiling of the surviving clusters (⊙→ C22 → C34 → C44) suggests an increase in the acute watery diarrhea (non-cholera) and typhoid fever in the regions of Peshawar, Nowshera, and Swabi. Conclusion: The findings of this study hold significant importance as they pinpoint the most vulnerable regions for various waterborne diseases. These insights offer valuable guidance to policymakers and health officials, empowering them to implement effective measures for controlling waterborne diseases in the respective regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of waterborne diseases: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Atif,

Ayub,

Shakoor

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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“…According to surveys conducted in major hospitals in Indonesia, typhoid fever is an endemic public health issue in that country. It affects an average of 500/100,000 people on an annual basis, with a death rate of about 5% [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assay protocol for assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk

Pertiwi-Koentjoro,

Dilla,

Taufiq-Hidayat

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Salmonella sp. is a pathogenic bacterium that may associated with acute diarrhoea in human. These bacteria may be transmitted in a variety of ways, including consumption of contaminated cow raw milk. Salmonella sp. is troublesome to assessment due to methodological restrictions. The aim of this study was to development the protocol of Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) assay for Assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk. This method is comprised of (1) biochemical assay and (2) bacterial DNA purification from Selenite Cystine Broth and XLD Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate culture using Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit followed by PCR detection. The biochemical assay is divided into several stages, namely bacterial isolation, Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. The PCR optimization was done with Salmonella sp. The oligonucleotide primer invasion protein (invA) gene (F: 5’-TCGTCATTCCATTACCTACC-3’; R: 5’-AAACGTTGAAAAACTGAGGA-3’) were used for targeting the diagnosis of Salmonella at the genus level. In biochemical tests, Salmonella sp. results showed posit if result of catalase, oxidase, citrate, TSIA, lactose-sucrose-mannitol fermentation, urea, and methyl-red. Conversely, negative result for Voges-Proskauer. PCR protocol consist of 30 PCR cycles with initial denaturation at 94°C for 45 seconds, denaturation at 94°C for 20 seconds, annealing at 57°C for 15 seconds, extension at 72°C for 15 seconds and finally at 72°C for 2 minutes. The conventional method detection results obtained as many as 9 positive samples Salmonella sp. and the PCR method obtained 7 positive samples Salmonella sp. In conclusion, our results indicate that the developed protocol would be utilized as a routine analysis for monitoring cow raw milk contamination and the protocol of the PCR technique provides results at a handful of time required by the biochemical assay (24 hours compared to 2–3 days).

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Data mining for epidemiology: The correlation of typhoid fever occurrence and environmental factors

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Evolution of waterborne diseases: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Evolution of waterborne diseases: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Development of Polymerase Chain Reaction assay protocol for assessment Salmonella sp. in cow raw milk

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