DDR Y Comisiones De Verdad, Límites Y Puntos De Encuentro: Evidencia Desde Los Casos De Namibia, El Congo, Indonesia Y Colombia

Abstract

El fin de la Guerra Fría permitió posicionar en el escenario mundial, la necesidad de solucionar los conflictos internos en distintos continentes. En consecuencia, surgieron las primeras experiencias de Desarme, Desmovilización y Reintegración (DDR) basándose en la estabilización de los países en términos de seguridad, que en algunos casos, tuvieron en cuenta aspectos como el derecho de las víctimas a la verdad. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha emergido una preocupación frente a la articulación de procesos de DDR y comisiones de la verdad, pues la experiencia ha demostrado gran dificultad para coordinar el desarrollo y objetivos de dichos procesos. Así pues, esta investigación realiza un análisis comparativo enfocado en casos no emblemáticos de comisiones de verdad, pero sí de DDR, como los son Namibia, el Congo, Indonesia y Colombia, con el fin de analizar el impacto de los procesos robustos de Desarme, Desmovilización y Reintegración en procesos de comisiones de verdad.

Perception of effective access to health services in Territorial Spaces for Training and Reincorporation, one year after the peace accords in Colombia: a cross-sectional study

“…Processes to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate (DDR) ex-combatants into civilian life, and their return to legality, are crucial challenges for ensuring a lasting peace in the post-conflict period. Negative repercussions have resulted from inadequately planning these processes or from their absence, such as in the case of Namibia 18 . These consequences not only affect the quality of life of former combatants, including stigmatization and unemployment, but they also put at risk the strengthening of democratic institutions and the social and economic stability of countries, triggering a reactivation of violence 18 .…”

“…Negative repercussions have resulted from inadequately planning these processes or from their absence, such as in the case of Namibia 18 . These consequences not only affect the quality of life of former combatants, including stigmatization and unemployment, but they also put at risk the strengthening of democratic institutions and the social and economic stability of countries, triggering a reactivation of violence 18 . The inclusion of these dimensions in Colombia´s peace process is noteworthy, when compared to other successful national policies aimed at the social and economic reincorporation of illegally armed people and groups.…”

“…The inclusion of these dimensions in Colombia´s peace process is noteworthy, when compared to other successful national policies aimed at the social and economic reincorporation of illegally armed people and groups. For example, while reincorporation polices in Indonesia and the Congo have been successful and innovative, and reconciliation mechanisms have been comprehensive and involved the community, health care was mentioned only as a condition that needed to be met, or it was limited to health days or the delivery of medical kits 18 .…”

Trust and Prospective Reconciliation: Evidence From a Protracted Armed Conflict

“…During the last 30 years, Colombia has had more than nine peace negotiations and has multiple times attempted the process of demobilisation for illegal armed groups (A. J. Cárdenas et al, 2018;López, 2016, p. 313). Since hostilities between the parties have not resumed, these agreements can be seen only as partial agreements.…”