Deaf in the USSR

Shaw, Claire L.

doi:10.7591/9781501713798

Cited by 108 publications

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“…Touted by the Soviet of Ministers as "the world's first professional deaf theater," TMZh was founded by graduates of a Moscow Theatre Studio established by the All-Russian Society of the Deaf in 1963. 73 As part of postwar Soviet deaf culture, TMZh represented the Society's effort to "identify, perfect, and institutionalize the various forms of cultural and social engagement by deaf people that had developed over the course of the Soviet period." 74 Like NTD, TMZh shaped its national sign language and fostered formal innovation before ultimately privileging hearing audiences.…”

Section: The Invention Of Sign-mimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…76 TMZh launched in a nation that privileged "labor as a criterion for normality" but tempered this productivist obligation through government pensions for the disabled. 77 NTD emerged during an intensifying unemployment crisis for deaf Americans and reflected the withdrawal of state support through productive labor as the rehabilitative ideal. TMZh was part of a broader effort to assign deaf citizens "full and secure" socially productive employment in an increasingly diverse array of technological and creative fields.…”

Section: The Invention Of Sign-mimementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Race for Rehabilitation: Sign-Mime, the National Theatre of the Deaf, and Cold War Internationalism

McKelvey

2022

Theat Surv

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In 1967, the US Vocational Rehabilitation Administration (VRA) awarded $331,000 to the Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theatre Foundation to fund a new company, the National Theatre of the Deaf. Endowing such an enterprise was bold, but not entirely unprecedented for this federal agency tasked with restoring disabled Americans to productive employment. Founded in 1920, the federal–state vocational rehabilitation program, or VR, ascended to institutional and ideological prominence during World War II and maintained this position well into the 1960s and beyond. VR distinguished itself not only through positing competitive employment as the solution to disabled Americans’ dependence on the state, but the specific means through which it would restore the disabled to productivity: the multidisciplinary expertise of physicians, psychologists, physical therapists, and rehabilitation counselors who collectively sought to render rehabilitants employable through a series of therapeutic interventions. Whereas disability activists focused on combatting the structural barriers disabled workers experienced in the labor market, “rehabilitationists” emphasized the imperative for disabled people to acclimate to existing work environments through individual physical and psychological transformation.

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Section: The Invention Of Sign-mimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Invention Of Sign-mimementioning

confidence: 99%