Deaths due to goitre in new-born lambs prevented by iodized poppy-seed oil

Sinclair, D. P.; Andrews, E. D.

doi:10.1080/00480169.1961.33435

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Glucosinolate is highly concentrated in leaves with little occurring in stems of B. oleracea (Josefsson, 1967), thus explaining the increase in goitrogenic activity with increasing feed allowance. In cases of severe goitro in new-born lambs, caused by grazing their dams on Brassica oleracea during the last 2 months of pregnancy, thyroid gland weights were respectively 10-3 and 1-9 g in lambs born from control or iodine-treated ewes (Sinclair & Andrews, 1961). By these standards the thyroid enlargement observed in the present work can be regarded as very small.…”

Section: Nutritional Problems Associated With Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 56%

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:1. Growth of grazing lambs as affected by time after introduction to the crop, feed allowance and intraperitoneal amino acid supplementation

1981

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SUMMARYThree successive sowings of marrow-stemmed kale (cv. Maris Kestrel) were grazed with lambs (initial weight 22·5 kg) for two consecutive 6-week periods, so that crop yield at the time of grazing was kept relatively constant at 6·5 t D.M./ha. Three crop allowances, 3·9 (H), 2·6 (M) and 1·3 (L) kg D.M./animal/day were imposed in a replicated design. Halfof the 32 lambs grazing each allowance received intraperitoneal injections of L-methionine + L-threonine three times per week. Twelve lambs were slaughtered at the start of the experiment and 48 at the end of each period.Leaf tissue, the diet of the H groups, contained 0·5% D.M. as S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) and 0·7–1·5% total N as nitrate. Whole plants, the diet of the L groups, contained 0·75% D.M. as SMCO and 4·0–7·5% total N asnitrate. The diet of the M groups was intermediate.Rates of live-weight gain (LWG), empty-body weight gain (EBWG) and carcassweight gain (CWG) were lower in period 1 than in period 2 for animals grazing at all three allowances. A Heinz-Ehrlich body anaemia developed that was more severe in the first period, but did not differ between groups receiving the different allowances. Methaemoglobin was only detected in significant quantities at the time of peak Heinz body formation in period 1. CWG/EBWG was increased by the amino acid supplementation during period 1 but not period 2, showing that there was a temporary amino acid deficiency corresponding to the time when tho anaemia was most severe and body growth most depressed.In both periods animals grazing at L allowance had lower rates of LWG, EBWG and CWG than M and H animals, who performed similarly. Most of the differences in EBWG between feed allowance treatments and between periods could be explained by changes in estimated intake. Wool growth rates increased with increasing feed allowance and were slightly stimulated by amino acid supplementation.Copper true availability was calculated to be 1·6–2·7% with the lowest values for leaf tissue due to its high sulphur content. Truly available Cu/kg plant D.M. was below the minimum requirement for lamb growth, thus leading to a reduction in total liver Cu as the experiment progressed. Some indication was obtained that this could have been depressing LWG in the second period, especially in H lambs. Slight increases in thyroid gland weight were observed as the experiment progressed, but these were considered unlikely to have depressed body growth. It was concluded that the major factor limiting the feeding value of B. oleracea was its high content of nonprotein sulphur compounds, especially SMCO.

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Section: Nutritional Problems Associated With Glucosinolatessupporting

confidence: 56%

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:1. Growth of grazing lambs as affected by time after introduction to the crop, feed allowance and intraperitoneal amino acid supplementation

1981

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“…A 45% increase in lamb survival in ewes treated with iodine and grazing kale during the last trimester of pregnancy was obtained by Sinclair & Andrews (1961). Kale has a goitrogenic effect and, although clover may produce a similar effect (Flux et al 1956), New Zealand pastures rarely have suffIcient clover during winter and spring to induce hypothyroidism in lambs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses to iodine supplementation have been reported in ewe and lamb liveweight gains, increased ewe fertility and wool production, and improved lamb survival (Coop & Clark 1958;Sinclair & Andrews 1961;Grace et al 1974;Knights et al 1979;McGowan 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of iodine supplementation on the productivity of Romney ewes in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand

Parker

McCutcheon

1989

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of iodine supplementation of ewes on their plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and production of ewes and their lambs. The study was conducted in the Wairarapa, a region where apparent subclinical iodine deficiency has been reported. Two groups of 200 Romney ewes, one of which was injected with iodised oil (Lipiodol®) 3 weeks before mating, were monitored for 1 year from mating. Thyroxine concentrations were significantly (P < 0.0 1) elevated in the iodine-supplemented ewes 113 days after treatment. Supplemented ewes were heavier at mating (P < 0.05) but did not differ significantly from controls in lambing performance, lamb growth rate, or ewe fleece production. Lipiodol® was shown to be an effective means of supplementing ewes with iodine, but untreated ewes apparently obtained adequate levels of iodine from plant and soil material ingested. High soil intakes associated with intensive winter rotational grazing are likely to have been responsible for adequate iodine intakes in control ewes.

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“…Thiocyanate-type goitrogens reduce iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, cause thyroid enlargement (i.e. goitre), and reduce its output of thyroxine (T 4 ); all these effects are reversible by iodine therapy (Sinclair & Andrews 1961). Therefore iodine was administered in the cattle experiment to examine whether the goitrogenic activity in kale was limiting T 4 production and body growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:2. Copper deficiency, thyroid function, and selenium status in young cattle and sheep fed kale for prolonged periods

Barry

Reid

Millar³

et al. 1981

J. Agric. Sci.

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Animals fed sole diets of kale (Brassica oleracea) were compared with animals fed ryegrass-clover pasture grown on the same soil type in two experiments. In Expt 1 young cattle grazed the two forages for 24 weeks, with supplementary copper and iodine being administered by injection. In Expt 2 young sheep were individually fed the two forages indoors at equal D.M. intake.Animals grazing kale in Expt 1 showed the characteristic symptoms of haemolytio anaemia from ruminal fermentation of S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) (Smith, 1974). This was most severe over the first 6 weeks, during which live-weight gains were very low (250 g/day). In the absence of copper supplementation animals grazing kale showed symptoms of copper deficiency. This was characterized by live-weight gain remaining low throughout the experiment (mean 280 g/day), rapid depletion of liver copper reserves, progressive reductions in serum copper concentration, reductions in erythrocyte copper and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and a massive hepatic accumulation of iron. Copper deficiency only slightly lowered heart muscle copper concentration in kale-fed cattle, and this was counteracted by heart hypertrophy. The major effects of copper deficiency in kale-fed cattle were in erythrocytes, and a metabolic diagram is presented showing these effects to be biochemically similar to those produced by ruminal fermentation of SMCO.Copper supplementation of animals grazing kale increased live-weight gain (mean 425 g/day), reduced Heinz body formation, allowed the animals to recover gradually from the haemolytic anaemia and prevented other symptoms of copper deficiency. In contrast, animals grazing ryegrass-clover pasture showed only a very mild depletion of copper, there being no response in live-weight gain to copper supplementation.Activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in whole blood was dependent upon blood selenium concentration in cattle fed both diets. In cattle fed on kale, bub not on pasture, reductions in erythrocyte GSH due to ruminal fermentation.. of SMCO and to copper deficiency were also associated with depressed blood selenium status.Glucosinolates were present in the kale (11 /*M/g D.M.) but absent from the pasture diet. Despite this, neither T 4 production from the thyroid gland nor the conversion of T 4 to T 3 appeared to be impaired by kale feeding in either Expt 1 or Expt 2. In Expt 1 serum T s concentration was better related to live-weight gain than was serum T 4 concentration, in accord with T 3 being the active form of the thyroid hormone.It is concluded that supplementation with copper but not iodine is essential where growing cattle are fed sole diets of kale for periods in excess of 12 weeks.

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Deaths due to goitre in new-born lambs prevented by iodized poppy-seed oil

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:1. Growth of grazing lambs as affected by time after introduction to the crop, feed allowance and intraperitoneal amino acid supplementation

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:1. Growth of grazing lambs as affected by time after introduction to the crop, feed allowance and intraperitoneal amino acid supplementation

Effects of iodine supplementation on the productivity of Romney ewes in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand

Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea) diets:2. Copper deficiency, thyroid function, and selenium status in young cattle and sheep fed kale for prolonged periods

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