Debilitating floods in the Sahel are becoming frequent

Elagib, Nadir Ahmed; Zayed, Islam Sabry Al; Saad, Suhair; Mahmood, Mohamad Ibrahim; Basheer, Mohammed; Fink, Andreas H.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126362

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…CHIRPS precipitation estimates have been validated across different regions in Africa (Dinku et al 2018;Satgé et al 2020). It has also been used in several studies in Africa, e.g., (1) to analyse long-term trends in precipitation (Muthoni et al 2019;Alemu & Bawoke 2020), (2) for hydrological modelling (Dembélé et al 2020;Larbi et al 2020), (3) for flood studies (Elagib et al 2021), and (4) to evaluate the drivers of flood events (Tramblay et al 2021). CHIRPS data were downloaded free of charge from https://climateserv.servirglobal.net.…”

Section: Chirps Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water security assessment in ungauged regions using the water balance and water footprint concepts and satellite observations

Nkiaka

2022

Hydrology Research

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Water security assessments often rely on outputs from hydrological models that are applicable only in gauged regions where there are river discharge data to constrain the models. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new methods for assessing water security in ungauged regions. This study proposes the use of the water balance and water footprint concepts and satellite observations to assess water security in Anglophone Cameroon, which is an example of a typically ungauged region. Specifically, the study assesses demand-driven water scarcity in terms of blue and green water scarcities and population-driven water scarcity quantified using the Falkenmark index across all districts in Anglophone Cameroon. The study also performs a spatiotemporal trend analysis of precipitation and temperature in the study area using the Mann–Kendall test. Precipitation trend analysis returns varying strengths and magnitudes for different districts unlike temperature which demonstrates an upward trend in all districts. The water security assessment shows that blue water scarcity is substantially low across most districts, whereas population-driven water scarcity is observed in densely populated districts (<1,700 m3/capita/year). The results from this study suggest that the proposed method may be used to assess water security in ungauged regions irrespective of climate or population size.

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Section: Chirps Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water security assessment in ungauged regions using the water balance and water footprint concepts and satellite observations

Nkiaka

2022

Hydrology Research

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“…In fact, all the Sahel countries rank very low on development and environmental indices, with relatively better scores for Ethiopia, Nigeria and partly Senegal (Table 1 ). All the Sahel countries are considered prone to climate/water-related disasters, such as droughts and floods (Elagib & Elhag, 2011 ; Elagib et al, 2021 ; Hulme, 2001 ; Kerr, 1985 ; Tarhule, 2005 ; Tschakert et al, 2010 ). They also rank rather low on the achievement of food and energy securities, and are among the world’s most fragile states (Parry et al, 1999 ; World Bank, 2013 ).…”

Section: The Sahel’s Covid-19 Case: Caught In a Stormmentioning

confidence: 99%

From scenario to mounting risks: COVID-19’s perils for development and supply security in the Sahel

Al‐Saidi

Saad²,

Elagib

2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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The African Sahel countries are inherently fragile, environmentally insecure and economically weak. This paper underscores the compounded impacts brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on resource supply security and, hence, the long-term development of the region. It outlines the Sahel-specific COVID-19 scenario by firstly highlighting the underlying vulnerabilities and later linking the health sector outcomes to increased political instability and environmental insecurity, particularly the deterioration of food security. In this sense, this paper shows from a region-wide perspective how COVID-19 in the Sahel is associated with enlarged sociopolitical developmental perils. Lower remittance sent by expatriates, violent conflicts, increased cross-border terrorism and migration, discriminant mobility restrictions of people and goods, weak national healthcare infrastructures, bottlenecks in international aid, pressures on the education system and recent climate extremes are some revealing examples of aggravators of the impacts on the supply of vital resources, such as food. This paper also shows the importance of considering the close interlinks between health, food and political stability in the Sahel. There is a paramount need for more comprehensive approaches linking human health to other sectors, and for re-considering local sustainable agriculture. To avoid prolonged or recurrent humanitarian crises, the Sahel countries need to strengthen response capacities through public sector-led responses. Examples of these responses include reinforced national disaster programs for the vulnerable, support to sustainable agriculture and food markets, improved performance and communication of public sector relief, state-based cooperation, building of regional alliances and peacemaking efforts.

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“…In the Middle Niger River Valley (MNRV), two floods are yearly observed, (i) the local red one owing to the streams coming from local rivers from July to September, and (ii) the Guinean black flood originating in the Fouta Djallon, from October to January ( Figure 1 A). The Guinean flood used to be the principal event, but since 1984 the red flood peak exceeded the black flood, and this red flood peak increase from 1000 m 3 /s to 1500 m 3 /s ( Figure 1 A) since 2011 [ 7 ]. This was reinforced by an increase in rainfall intensity and in the frequency of rainfall extreme events.…”

Section: In Sahel By the River Malaria Transmission Is Extending To T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission in Sahelian African Regions, a Witness of Climate Changes

Jambou

Njedanoun²,

Panthou³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Climate changes in the eastern part of Sahelian regions will induce an increase in rainfalls and extreme climate events. In this area, due to the intense events and floods, malaria transmission, a climate sensitive disease, is thus slowly extending in time to the drought season and in areas close to the border of the desert. Vectors can as well modify their area of breeding. Control programs must be aware of these changes to adapt their strategies.

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Debilitating floods in the Sahel are becoming frequent

Cited by 49 publications

References 85 publications

Water security assessment in ungauged regions using the water balance and water footprint concepts and satellite observations

Water security assessment in ungauged regions using the water balance and water footprint concepts and satellite observations

From scenario to mounting risks: COVID-19’s perils for development and supply security in the Sahel

Malaria Transmission in Sahelian African Regions, a Witness of Climate Changes

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