Decadal Changes in the Linkage Between Autumn Sea Ice and the Winter Eurasian Temperature in the 20th Century

He, Xulong; Zhang, Ruonan; Ding, Shuoyi; You, Qinglong; Cai, Ziyi

doi:10.1029/2023gl103851

Geophysical Research Letters

2023

DOI: 10.1029/2023gl103851

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Decadal Changes in the Linkage Between Autumn Sea Ice and the Winter Eurasian Temperature in the 20th Century

Xulong He

Ruonan Zhang

Shuoyi Ding

et al.

Abstract: The Arctic profoundly impacts the winter climate in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. A well-documented warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) temperature pattern has been observed in recent decades (

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“…Yao et al, 2022). However, there are still studies that support the linkages between Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC) and anomalous weather and climate over mid-/high-latitudes (Du et al, 2021;Gu et al, 2018;X. He et al, 2023;B.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s

Hu,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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The thermal conditions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during spring are significantly related to climate changes on regional and hemispheric scales. The surface skin temperature over the TP in May exhibits an increasing trend over the northern and central‐western regions since the 2000s. This heterogeneous distribution has a strengthened relationship with changes in Arctic sea‐ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents‐Kara Seas after 2001, showing a significant negative correlation. Along with the dramatic SIC variations after 2001, there is a mid‐latitude wave train akin to the Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT), accompanied by an anomalous anticyclone around the TP. On the one hand, the high‐latitude energy associated with the SIC changes spreads through the Barents‐Kara Seas toward the southeast, causing intensified westerly winds over the West Siberian Plain. The anomalies imply a poleward subtropical jet, which affects the anticyclonic anomaly over the TP, situated south of the jet axis, through dynamic processes. On the other hand, the cyclonic anomalies at high latitudes, linked with reduced SIC, inhibit snow melting and bring lower soil moisture content. Consequently, increased meridional temperature gradients and background baroclinicity cover the West Siberian Plain and regions encompassing the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, demonstrating the impacts of SIC variations on mid‐latitude Rossby waves. Responses to the anomalous anticyclone over the TP, heightened downward motions favor enhanced adiabatic heating and result in reduced cloud cover, further causing decreased snow depth. Influenced by snow‐albedo and cloud‐radiation feedback, the net downward short‐wave radiation increases and leads to the TP warming after 2001.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s

Hu,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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How Does the East Siberian Sea Ice Affect the June Drought Over Northwest China After 2000?

Liu,

Sun

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Changes in Arctic sea ice have exerted remarkably effects on the Eurasian climates, but it is unclear whether Arctic sea ice also contributes to Northwest China's ongoing summer drought. This study investigates the influence of the interannual variability of Arctic sea ice on the June drought in Northwest China from 1979 to 2021. It reveals that the early‐autumn sea ice in the East Siberian Sea is correlated with drought conditions in June in Northwest China, with a more pronounced connection during the period of 2000/2001–2020/2021 (P2) compared to 1979/1980–1999/2000 (P1). Mitigated drought in Northwest China is associated with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) in the East Siberian Sea. Further analysis suggests that the strengthened link may be due to greater SIC variability in the East Siberian Sea during P2 than P1. In P2, positive early‐autumn SIC anomaly is linked to anomalous northeasterly winds, promoting drier soil and widespread cooling in the East European Plain. This dry soil signal may persist into the ensuing spring and early summer, inducing an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over Siberia, which could facilitate the water vapor convergence in Northwest China, thereby enhancing humidity conditions in the region. The insights from this study could offer valuable information for improved prediction of droughts in Northwest China.

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A Review on the Arctic–Midlatitudes Connection: Interactive Impacts, Physical Mechanisms, and Nonstationary

Ding,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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In light of the rapid Arctic warming and continuous reduction in Arctic Sea ice, the complex two-way Arctic–midlatitudes connection has become a focal point in recent climate research. In this paper, we review the current understanding of the interactive influence between midlatitude atmospheric variability and Arctic Sea ice or thermal conditions on interannual timescales. As sea ice diminishes, in contrast to the Arctic warming (cooling) in boreal winter (summer), Eurasia and North America have experienced anomalously cold (warm) conditions and record snowfall (rainfall), forming an opposite oscillation between the Arctic and midlatitudes. Both statistical analyses and modeling studies have demonstrated the significant impacts of autumn–winter Arctic variations on winter midlatitude cooling, cold surges, and snowfall, as well as the potential contributions of spring–summer Arctic variations to midlatitude warming, heatwaves and rainfall, particularly focusing on the role of distinct regional sea ice. The possible physical processes can be categorized into tropospheric and stratospheric pathways, with the former encompassing the swirling jet stream, horizontally propagated Rossby waves, and transient eddy–mean flow interaction, and the latter manifested as anomalous vertical propagation of quasi-stationary planetary waves and associated downward control of stratospheric anomalies. In turn, atmospheric prevailing patterns in the midlatitudes also contribute to Arctic Sea ice or thermal condition anomalies by meridional energy transport. The Arctic–midlatitudes connection fluctuates over time and is influenced by multiple factors (e.g., continuous melting of climatological sea ice, different locations and magnitudes of sea ice anomalies, internal variability, and other external forcings), undoubtedly increasing the difficulty of mechanism studies and the uncertainty surrounding predictions of midlatitude weather and climate. In conclusion, we provide a succinct summary and offer suggestions for future research.

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Decadal Changes in the Linkage Between Autumn Sea Ice and the Winter Eurasian Temperature in the 20th Century

Abstract: The Arctic profoundly impacts the winter climate in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. A well-documented warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) temperature pattern has been observed in recent decades (

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s

Strengthened Connections Between Arctic Sea Ice and Thermal Conditions Over the Tibetan Plateau in May After the 2000s

How Does the East Siberian Sea Ice Affect the June Drought Over Northwest China After 2000?

A Review on the Arctic–Midlatitudes Connection: Interactive Impacts, Physical Mechanisms, and Nonstationary

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