Decentralized clustering in VANET using adaptive resonance theory

Abstract

Nowadays VANETs are becoming a dominating technology in automotive industries where vehicles communicate with each other to deliver safety messages or any type of information to other vehicles. However, the increasing numbers of vehicles on the roads poses a challenge on designing an efficient communication protocol for VANETs. The scalability issue in VANETs has a deteriorating effect on latency and on the stability of the network. Clustering is one technique used for solving this issue. In this work, we propose a clustering technique that creates mini clusters that are in the same communication range of the vehicles with the help of Adaptive resonance theory (ART). These mini clusters are created based on speed where it categorizes the vehicle in one of three levels: high, medium or low speeds. ART is an unsupervised neural network model that classifies inputs based on the degree of similarities of the input. By carefully tuning ART, three clusters are always obtained corresponding to the above speed classifications. The proposed work was simulated and compared against traditional clustering methods where our work presented a 50% advantage over these techniques.

Mobility-Based Clustering Algorithm for Multimedia Broadcasting over IEEE 802.11p-LTE-enabled VANET

“…In Graphs a), b) and c), the referenced scheme VMaSC [46] gives overall a 10% higher CH duration compared to DHCV [47] and ART [50]. The proposed ART [50] scheme decreases the CH duration very rapidly at transmission ranges of 100 m, 200 m and 300 m throughout when the velocity is increased from 15 to 30 m/s. Because of the presence of an SE_CH, in the proposed scheme, the metric that notably improves the CH duration is MAX_HOP.…”

“…The results show that due to the constructed cluster structure stability in terms of CH and CM durations, the proposed MBCA overhead is smaller than that of the referenced schemes VMaSC [46], DHCV [47] and ART [50]. A fast network topology change causes a drastic increase in clustering-related information exchange in the referenced schemes VMaSC [46], DHCV [47] and ART [50]. One of the key metrics that affects clustering overhead is the dissemination of HELLO_PACKET in multi-hop scenarios.…”

“…By comparing it with previously proposed, mobility-based, multi-hop clustering schemes, such as VMaSC [46], DHCV [47] and ART [50], this simulation analysis evaluates the performance of our proposed mobility-based clustering scheme for multimedia content dissemination over an IEEE 802.11p-LTE hybrid VANET architecture. The reference scheme VMaSC [46] algorithm follows a relative, mobility-based cluster formation technique, where the DHCV [47] algorithm follows a mobility-related, non-overlapping cluster creation system and the ART [50] algorithm creates cluster-based, relative vehicular speed.…”

“…By comparing it with previously proposed, mobility-based, multi-hop clustering schemes, such as VMaSC [46], DHCV [47] and ART [50], this simulation analysis evaluates the performance of our proposed mobility-based clustering scheme for multimedia content dissemination over an IEEE 802.11p-LTE hybrid VANET architecture. The reference scheme VMaSC [46] algorithm follows a relative, mobility-based cluster formation technique, where the DHCV [47] algorithm follows a mobility-related, non-overlapping cluster creation system and the ART [50] algorithm creates cluster-based, relative vehicular speed. To analyse the performance of the proposed IEEE 802.11p-LTE hybrid VANET architecture, pure VANET cluster-based data forwarding techniques are compared, along with VMaSC-LTE, DHCV-LTE and ART-LTE, where the cellular communication technology LTE integrates with the referenced VANET clustering algorithms VMaSC [46], DHCV [47] and ART [49].…”

“…In [50], the authors presented a decentralized clustering algorithm for VANET, based on adaptive resonance theory (ART), where vehicles create miniclusters that are in the same communication range as that of the other vehicles. Based on the authors' proposal, the miniclusters were created based on speed, where the vehicles were categorized as either high-, medium-or low-speed.…”