Decentralized Opportunistic Spectrum Resources Access Model and Algorithm toward Cooperative Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract

Limited communication resources have gradually become a critical factor toward efficiency of decentralized large scale multi-agent coordination when both system scales up and tasks become more complex. In current researches, due to the agent’s limited communication and observational capability, an agent in a decentralized setting can only choose a part of channels to access, but cannot perceive or share global information. Each agent’s cooperative decision is based on the partial observation of the system state, and as such, uncertainty in the communication network is unavoidable. In this situation, it is a major challenge working out cooperative decision-making under uncertainty with only a partial observation of the environment. In this paper, we propose a decentralized approach that allows agents cooperatively search and independently choose channels. The key to our design is to build an up-to-date observation for each agent’s view so that a local decision model is achievable in a large scale team coordination. We simplify the Dec-POMDP model problem, and each agent can jointly work out its communication policy in order to improve its local decision utilities for the choice of communication resources. Finally, we discuss an implicate resource competition game, and show that, there exists an approximate resources access tradeoff balance between agents. Based on this discovery, the tradeoff between real-time decision-making and the efficiency of cooperation using these channels can be well improved.

A Matrix-Based Proactive Data Relay Algorithm for Large Distributed Sensor Networks

“…Sensor nodes within a communication range of another sensor are described as the neighbors. The power consumption (0.66 W in transmit mode, 0.395 W in receive mode) were chosen based on data from currently available radios [ 12 ]. The transmission time for a packet was fixed at 10ms.…”

“…They are designed for multiple sensors to forward data to specific sink nodes for data fusion, such as Directed Diffusion [ 9 ], in which a sink floods its interests to build reverse paths from all potential sources to the sink. Rumor Routing [ 10 ], Constrained anisotropic diffusion routing (CADR) [ 11 ] and GRAdient Broadcast [ 12 ] are some variations of Directed Diffusion. In Rumor routing, sink floods queries while sensors flood events which make Rumor routing performs better than Directed Diffusion when number of events is small.…”

“…Flooding [ 8 ] adopts a straightforward protocol for sensors to rebroadcast any new data received, but suffers from the intrinsic excessive energy consumption and network congestion due to the large number of duplicated messages. Traditional hierarchical [ 8 ] or centralized routing [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] approaches, which are designed for fixed structure or where only sink nodes respond to information fusion are not also ideal for data fusion in mobile sensor networks. The predefined backbone nodes in these approaches will exhaust their power very quickly because of the heavy transmission burden and enormous cost on routing maintenance.…”

Semantic Agent-Based Service Middleware and Simulation for Smart Cities

“…The middleware adopted the characteristics of autonomous, proactive and social capabilities of the multi-agent, in distributed service scheduling and management. It keeps the semantic benefits in the former approaches [15,16,17,18] and has been extended from our previous multi-agent platform design [25]. When the upper-level application needs service support, the middleware generates a cross entity service scheduling, as shown with the green dotted line.…”

Agent-Based Modelling for Distributed Decision Support in an IoT Network

“…The authors highlight the flexibility of an ABM approach, showing how easily the system can be updated and allow for powerful result abstraction. In [16], the authors analyze a decentralized spectrum resource access model as a complex system, modeling the decentralized decision making and cooperation of distributed agents in a way that allows them to partially observe the state of the system, meaning that each agent has only the information about its own local environment. The authors of [17] introduce an ABM framework to formally define all necessary elements to model and simulate a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).…”