Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, “Creodonta,” Placentalia, Mammalia)

Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J.

doi:10.26879/776

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…In the most recent phylogenetic studies (Borths et al . ; Borths & Stevens 2017 a – b , 2019), Proviverrinae, a clade which includes P. typica , is resolved at the base of Hyaenodonta. It is worth mentioning that these results also implied a redefinition of Proviverrinae: some ‘proviverrines’, as defined by Solé et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(), are recovered by Borths et al . () and Borths & Stevens (2017 a – b , 2019) as stem‐taxa of Hyaenodontidae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Rana et al . ; Borths & Stevens 2017 a – b , 2019). We did not build a new character–taxon matrix, because we considered the ones recently published pertinent and exhaustive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent phylogenetic analyses (Borths et al . ; Borths & Seiffert ; Borths & Stevens 2017 a – b , 2019) found that Proviverrinae are not monophyletic, but were actually found in different successive clades, some of which are deeply nested among Hyaenodonta. These analyses also showed that Hyaenodontinae are closely related to some ‘proviverrines’ (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Oxyaenoides and Eurotherium ). The clade that includes the common ancestor of Cynohyaenodon and Hyaenodon has therefore been named ‘Hyaenodontidae’ (Borths & Seiffert ; Borths & Stevens 2017 a – b , 2019). However, five genera, Eoproviverra (Mammal Palaeogene (MP) 7), Parvagula (MP7), Morlodon (MP8 + 9), Lesmesodon (MP11) and Proviverra (MP12–13), were grouped into a clade named Proviverrinae, which is at the base of the Hyaenodonta.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution

2019

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We describe the first endocast reconstruction of a hyaenodont mammal based on X‐ray microtomography. The endocast belongs to the type material of the European hyaenodont Proviverra typica. We performed phylogenetic analysis to contextualize the evolution of endocranial size and complexity in Hyaenodonta. We added several European hyaenodonts and modified several codings of the most recent character–taxon matrix established to question the relationships within Hyaenodonta. Including these new species in a phylogenetic analysis reveals a new clade: Hyaenodontoidea. Comparisons with several previously described endocasts show that there was an increase in complexity in the convolutions of the encephalon within Hyaenodontidae history. Moreover, the analysis of the encephalization quotient reveals that the endocranium of the Hyaenodonta is not smaller than those of fossil Carnivora or some extant Carnivora. Therefore, the extinction of Hyaenodonta may not be linked to the relative size of hyaenodont brains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(), are recovered by Borths et al . () and Borths & Stevens (2017 a – b , 2019) as stem‐taxa of Hyaenodontidae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Rana et al . ; Borths & Stevens 2017 a – b , 2019). We did not build a new character–taxon matrix, because we considered the ones recently published pertinent and exhaustive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution

2019

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New data on the mammalian fauna from the late middle Eocene (MP 15–16) of Mazaterón (Soria, Spain): The youngest presence of the genus Prodissopsalis (Hyaenodonta, Hyaenodontidae) in Europe

Salesa

Siliceo

Antón

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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The Hyaenodonta were the most diverse carnivorous mammals in the European Eocene and were classically divided into three subfamilies: Sinopaninae, Arfianinae, and Proviverrinae, with this latter being the most successful of the three, as it exhibited a much larger geographic and temporal range. This classification is currently abandoned, as cladistic analyses of Hyaenodonta showed that several of these groups were paraphyletic. In any case, the former “proviverrines” were European endemic hyaenodontids which occupied the niche of small to medium‐sized predators from the Ypresian (MP7) to the Priabonian (MP19). Recent phylogenetic proposals recognize the “Eurotherium clade” including this latter genus, besides Cartierodon and Prodissopsalis. A single species is known for Prodissopsalis, Prodissopsalis eocaenicus, previously recorded in European fossil sites of MP 12 to MP 14; nevertheless, the new material studied here, a mandible of a subadult individual from the late Middle Eocene (Bartonian, MP 15–16) site of La Solana (Mazaterón, Soria, Spain) constitutes a new species of Prodissopsalis and the youngest record of this genus up to now, extending its chronological range and remarking the shelter role of the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle and Late Eocene. The new species, Prodissopsalis jimenezi provides new data not only on the eruption sequence of the genus, but also on the evolution of its dental adaptations, as the new species exhibits a more trenchant, hypercarnivorous dentition in comparison to the more primitive species P. eocaenicus, which would point toward a refining of the hunting abilities of this hyaenodont during the Middle Eocene.

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Dental topographic and three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of carnassialization in different clades of carnivorous mammals (Dasyuromorphia, Carnivora, Hyaenodonta)

Lang

Engler

Martin

2021

Journal of Morphology

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The evolution of carnassial teeth in mammals, especially in the Carnivora, has been subject of many morphometric and some dental topographic studies. Here, we use a combination of dental topographic analysis (Dirichlet normal energy) and 3D geometric morphometrics of less and high carnassialized lower teeth of carnivoran, dasyuromorph and hyaenodont taxa. Carnassial crown curvature, as indicated by Dirichlet normal energy, is high in lesser carnassialized teeth and low in higher carnassialized teeth, where it is influenced by the reduction of crown features such as cusps and crests. PC1 of the geometric morphometric analysis is linked to enlargement of the carnassial blade, reduction of the talonid crushing basin and an increasingly asymmetric cervix line with an enlarged mesial flexure in more carnassialized teeth. Distribution of PC1 values further indicates that along the tooth row of dasyuromorphs (m2–m4) and hyaenodonts (m1–m3) the most distal carnassial is the most carnassialized (principal carnassial), and in most taxa with overall higher carnassialized teeth, carnassialization successively increases from the anterior to the posterior tooth position along the tooth row. PC2 indicates that a longitudinal elongated carnassial is present in caniforms and in unspecialized feliforms, which separates these taxa in morphospace from all dasyuromorphs, hyaenodonts and specialized feliforms. An ancestral state reconstruction shows that this longitudinal elongation may be a plesiomorphic ancestral state for the Carnivora, which is different from the Dasyuromorphia and the Hyaenodonta. This elongation, enabling the presence of a longitudinally aligned carnassial blade as well as a complete talonid basin, might have provided the Carnivora with an advantage in terms of adaptive versatility.

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Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, “Creodonta,” Placentalia, Mammalia)

Cited by 16 publications

References 73 publications

The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution

The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution

New data on the mammalian fauna from the late middle Eocene (MP 15–16) of Mazaterón (Soria, Spain): The youngest presence of the genus Prodissopsalis (Hyaenodonta, Hyaenodontidae) in Europe

Dental topographic and three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of carnassialization in different clades of carnivorous mammals (Dasyuromorphia, Carnivora, Hyaenodonta)

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