Deciphering the synergy between plasma and catalyst support for ammonia synthesis in a packed dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Patil, Bhaskar; Kaathoven, Alwin S. R. van; Peeters, Floran; Cherkasov, Nikolay; Lang, Jürgen; Wang, Qi; Hessel, Volker

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab6a36

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In this study, we did not utilize catalysts intentionally. Although copper and quartz used for the electrode in this study may have limited catalytic activity, it has been reported that copper and quartz can act as catalysts (Aihara et al, 2016;Patil et al, 2020). erefore, some active sites exist on the electrode surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ammonia is industrially one of the most important compounds and consumes huge amount of energy in its production process. erefore, the importance of chemical conversion of electric power to synthesize ammonia by plasma technology is increasing signi cantly (Bogaerts and Neyts, 2018;Peng et al, 2018;Carreon, 2019;Mehta et al;2019;Wang et al, 2019;Patil et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia Synthesis by Pressure Swing of N2–H2 Nonthermal Plasma

Mori

Takanami

Fujimoto

et al. 2020

J. Chem. Eng. Japan / JCEJ

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We proposed a novel ammonia synthesis process in which the pressure of a N 2-H 2 nonthermal plasma system swung between low and high values to improve energy e ciency of the ammonia synthesis. We compared the energy eciency, calculated by the amount of ammonia produced and plasma input power between constant-pressure system and pressure-swing one. In the constant pressure system, the highest ammonia formation rate and energy e ciency were obtained at the lowest pressure. On the other hand, the pressure swing system provided a higher ammonia formation rate and energy e ciency than the constant pressure system even though the pressure-swing range is within that of the constant pressure system. Consequently, the highest ammonia formation rate and energy e ciency were obtained by the pressure-swing system. Additionally, the dependence of ammonia formation e ciency on the plasma input power was investigated. In the constant pressure system, the amount of ammonia produced increased linearly with plasma input power. Interestingly, however, in the pressure swing system, the amount of ammonia produced saturated with increasing plasma input power. Therefore, the amount of ammonia produced did not decrease signi cantly even when the plasma input power was reduced, and the highest energy e ciency of 2.0 g-NH 3 /kWh was obtained under the minimum plasma input power condition tested for the pressure swing system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Synthesis by Pressure Swing of N2–H2 Nonthermal Plasma

Mori

Takanami

Fujimoto

et al. 2020

J. Chem. Eng. Japan / JCEJ

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“…224,225 An afterglow normally describes the effluent of a plasma reactor. However, the term is sometimes used more broadly to indicate that ( plasma) species are no longer exposed to The listed plasma reactors are dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), 96,131,142,[143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169] (low pressure) glow discharge (GD), 170,171,[172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179]180 microwave plasma (MW), [181][182][183][184][185]…”

Section: Discharge Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A drawback of a DBD reactor without a packing is the high ratio between plasma volume and surface area for catalytic reactions. Therefore, most authors introduced packing materials, such as oxides, 143,146,155,161,162,167,199,281 dielectric materials, 146,149,161,166 and ferro-electrics. 147 Introducing a packing material can lower the discharge power required to ignite the plasma.…”

Section: Performance In Various Types Of Plasma Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma-driven catalysis: green ammonia synthesis with intermittent electricity

et al. 2020

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Tri‐fold process integration leveraging high‐ and low‐temperature plasmas: From biomass to fertilizers with local energy and for local use

Sarafraz

Tran

Nguyen

et al. 2021

J Adv Manuf & Process

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In the present study, a series of thermochemical equilibrium modeling was conducted to assess the thermodynamic potential of biomass conversion to ammonia using thermal and nonthermal plasma at small‐ and large‐scale production. The system was designed and evaluated for five different locations in Australia including the Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia, and New South Wales using local biomass feedstock. The equilibrium modeling showed that the pathway of biomass to biomethane using an anaerobic digestion reactor, biomethane to hydrogen using a thermal plasma reactor, followed by conversion of hydrogen to ammonia via a nonthermal plasma reactor is a plausible route, by which the exergy efficiency of the process can be as high as ~60%. It is identified that the thermal plasma reactor required two distinct zones at 3000°C < T < 4000°C and 1500°C < T < 2500°C. The first zone aims at converting electric energy into very high temperature thermal flow while the second one enables to split methane molecules into solid carbon and hydrogen. The new ammonia process is also assessed from the viewpoint of the current industrial transformation, being accelerated by the post‐COVID economy, which moves toward local, resilient, integrated and self‐sufficient production under the umbrella of an emerging fractal economy. With respect to local production, the developed process is designed for a quick response to farm use and on‐time production in view of the demands of modern ICT‐sensor based precision agriculture. The proposed process was found to be flexible (“resilient”) against production scale, geographical location, price and type of feedstock, and source of renewable energy. The system was found to be flexible against different feedstock such as spent grape marc, mustard seed, bagasse, piggery and poultry. The system can be self‐sustained up to ~80% at T = 3500°C; with the thermal plasma reactor‐zone 2 producing the electricity requirements for the nonthermal plasma via a steam turbine power block. Finally, the system it is investigated to which degree the system is adaptable to local production, self‐sufficient, and circulatory.

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Deciphering the synergy between plasma and catalyst support for ammonia synthesis in a packed dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 65 publications

References 66 publications

Ammonia Synthesis by Pressure Swing of N<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub> Nonthermal Plasma

Ammonia Synthesis by Pressure Swing of N<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub> Nonthermal Plasma

Plasma-driven catalysis: green ammonia synthesis with intermittent electricity

Tri‐fold process integration leveraging high‐ and low‐temperature plasmas: From biomass to fertilizers with local energy and for local use

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